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Molluscs Market in the EU Bounced Back to $4.6B

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Molluscs Market in the EU Bounced Back to $4.6B

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Molluscs (Scallops, Mussels, Cuttle Fish, Squid And Octopus) – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the molluscs market in the European Union amounted to $4.6B in 2018, growing by 2.4% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price).

Consumption By Country in the EU

The countries with the highest volumes of molluscs consumption in 2018 were Spain (174K tonnes), Italy (148K tonnes) and Germany (136K tonnes), together comprising 53% of total consumption. The UK, Poland, Portugal, Greece, Romania, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Sweden and Hungary lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 38%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of molluscs consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Portugal, while molluscs consumption for the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the consumption figures.

In value terms, the largest molluscs markets in the European Union were Spain ($996M), Germany ($901M) and Italy ($878M), with a combined 61% share of the total market. Poland, Portugal, Romania, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Hungary, Greece and the UK lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 29%.

The countries with the highest levels of molluscs per capita consumption in 2018 were Portugal (4,386 kg per 1000 persons), Spain (3,727 kg per 1000 persons) and Italy (2,479 kg per 1000 persons).

Production in the EU

In 2018, the amount of molluscs (scallops, mussels, cuttle fish, squid and octopus) produced in the European Union stood at 588K tonnes, remaining stable against the previous year. In general, molluscs production continues to indicate a mild shrinkage.

Production By Country in the EU

The countries with the highest volumes of molluscs production in 2018 were Germany (131K tonnes), the UK (128K tonnes) and Spain (115K tonnes), with a combined 64% share of total production. These countries were followed by Poland, Romania, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Sweden, Austria, Slovakia and Portugal, which together accounted for a further 29%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of molluscs production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Portugal, while molluscs production for the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the production figures.

Exports in the EU

In 2018, exports of molluscs (scallops, mussels, cuttle fish, squid and octopus) in the European Union amounted to 162K tonnes, remaining relatively unchanged against the previous year. Overall, molluscs exports continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The volume of exports peaked at 180K tonnes in 2011; however, from 2012 to 2018, exports remained at a lower figure. In value terms, molluscs exports amounted to $1.1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

Spain dominates molluscs exports structure, recording 100K tonnes, which was near 62% of total exports in 2018. Portugal (10,117 tonnes) took the second position in the ranking, followed by the Netherlands (10,007 tonnes), the UK (9,837 tonnes) and Italy (7,423 tonnes). All these countries together occupied approx. 23% share of total exports. Belgium (6,244 tonnes) and France (4,941 tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

Spain experienced a relatively flat trend pattern with regard to volume of exports of molluscs (scallops, mussels, cuttle fish, squid and octopus) exports. At the same time, Portugal (+7.8%) and the Netherlands (+7.7%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Portugal emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the European Union, with a CAGR of +7.8% from 2007-2018. Italy experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, Belgium (-4.0%), the UK (-4.9%) and France (-10.0%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period.

In value terms, Spain ($630M) remains the largest molluscs supplier in the European Union, comprising 57% of total molluscs exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by the UK ($94M), with a 8.5% share of total exports. It was followed by Belgium, with a 6.4% share.

Export Prices by Country

The molluscs export price in the European Union stood at $6,816 per tonne in 2018, rising by 2.9% against the previous year. Over the last eleven years, it increased at an average annual rate of +3.5%.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Belgium ($11,342 per tonne), while the Netherlands ($4,729 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Belgium, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

In 2018, approx. 445K tonnes of molluscs (scallops, mussels, cuttle fish, squid and octopus) were imported in the European Union; standing approx. at the previous year. In value terms, molluscs imports totaled $2.7B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018. The total import value increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period.

Imports by Country

In 2018, Spain (160K tonnes) and Italy (149K tonnes) were the main importers of molluscs (scallops, mussels, cuttle fish, squid and octopus) in the European Union, together reaching near 70% of total imports. Portugal (45K tonnes) held a 10% share (based on tonnes) of total imports, which put it in second place, followed by Greece (4.9%). France (14K tonnes), the Netherlands (9.1K tonnes) and Croatia (8.4K tonnes) occupied a minor share of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by the Netherlands, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Spain ($967M), Italy ($920M) and Portugal ($236M) were the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2018, with a combined 78% share of total imports. These countries were followed by Greece, France, the Netherlands and Croatia, which together accounted for a further 11%.

Import Prices by Country

In 2018, the import price for molluscs in the European Union amounted to $6,121 per tonne, increasing by 3.7% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2018, it increased at an average annual rate of +3.3%.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was France ($7,013 per tonne), while Croatia ($4,110 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Spain, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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Archives, Global Trade Daily, News, Uncategorized

Stuffed Pasta Market in the EU Slows Down, Levelling Off at $2.8B

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Pasta Stuffed With Meat, Fish And Cheese – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends And Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the market for pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese in the European Union amounted to $2.8B in 2018, remaining stable against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Over the period under review, consumption of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Consumption By Country in the EU

The countries with the highest volumes of consumption of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese in 2018 were Germany (263K tonnes), France (207K tonnes) and Italy (138K tonnes), with a combined 60% share of total consumption. These countries were followed by the UK, Poland, Spain, Belgium and Hungary, which together accounted for a further 27%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of consumption of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Hungary, while consumption of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, France ($672M), Germany ($579M) and Italy ($493M) were the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2018, together comprising 61% of the total market. The UK, Belgium, Spain, Poland and Hungary lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 25%.

The countries with the highest levels of meat, fish and cheese pasta per capita consumption in 2018 were Belgium (4,007 kg per 1000 persons), Germany (3,206 kg per 1000 persons) and France (3,161 kg per 1000 persons).

Market Forecast 2019-2025 in the EU

Driven by increasing demand for meat, fish and cheese pasta in the European Union, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +0.7% for the period from 2018 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 1.1M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the EU

In 2018, the production of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese in the European Union totaled 1M tonnes, standing approx. at the previous year. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.4% over the period from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations over the period under review. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2017 when production volume increased by 8.4% year-to-year. In that year, production of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese attained its peak volume of 1M tonnes, and then declined slightly in the following year.

Production By Country in the EU

The countries with the highest volumes of production of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese in 2018 were Italy (277K tonnes), Germany (208K tonnes) and France (185K tonnes), together accounting for 65% of total production.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of production of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Germany, while production of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports in the EU

The exports totaled 359K tonnes in 2018, rising by 4.9% against the previous year. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.0% from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, exports of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese reached their peak figure in 2018 and are likely to continue its growth in the immediate term. In value terms, exports of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese totaled $1.2B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

Italy was the largest exporter of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese exported in the European Union, with the volume of exports finishing at 144K tonnes, which was approx. 40% of total exports in 2018. Belgium (53K tonnes) ranks second in terms of the total exports with a 15% share, followed by France (9.8%), Austria (9.1%), Germany (5.4%) and the Netherlands (4.6%). Luxembourg (11K tonnes) occupied a minor share of total exports.

From 2007 to 2018, average annual rates of growth with regard to meat, fish and cheese pasta exports from Italy stood at +1.9%. At the same time, Austria (+11.6%), the Netherlands (+10.0%), Germany (+3.0%), Luxembourg (+2.5%) and France (+1.3%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Austria emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the European Union, with a CAGR of +11.6% from 2007-2018. Belgium experienced a relatively flat trend pattern.

In value terms, Italy ($544M) remains the largest meat, fish and cheese pasta supplier in the European Union, comprising 45% of total exports of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Belgium ($159M), with a 13% share of total exports. It was followed by France, with a 8.8% share.

Export Prices by Country

The export price for pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese in the European Union stood at $3,365 per tonne in 2018, going up by 10% against the previous year.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was the Netherlands ($4,021 per tonne), while Luxembourg ($2,304 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Italy, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

Stuffed pasta imports in the EU totaled 343K tonnes in 2018, going up by 11% against the previous year. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.2% over the period from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. In value terms, imports of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese totaled $1.1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

The imports of the three major importers of pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese, namely Germany, France and the UK, represented more than half of total import. It was distantly followed by Belgium (25K tonnes), Spain (25K tonnes), the Netherlands (21K tonnes) and Austria (16K tonnes), together generating a 25% share of total imports. Portugal (14,869 tonnes), Sweden (7,481 tonnes), Denmark (6,532 tonnes), Ireland (6,312 tonnes) and Italy (5,260 tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Portugal, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($194M), France ($187M) and the UK ($136M) were the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2018, together accounting for 49% of total imports. Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Sweden, Denmark, Italy and Ireland lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 42%.

Import Prices by Country

The import price for pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese in the European Union stood at $3,089 per tonne in 2018, rising by 2.4% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the import price for pasta stuffed with meat, fish and cheese continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major importing countries. In 2018, major importing countries recorded the following prices: in Italy ($3,871 per tonne) and Belgium ($3,628 per tonne), while Germany ($2,609 per tonne) and Ireland ($2,783 per tonne) were amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the Netherlands, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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Archives, Executive Education, Global Trade Daily

Breakbulk Europe to Return to Bremen in 2021

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Breakbulk Europe, the world’s largest event for the project cargo and breakbulk industry, will return to Bremen, Germany, for the fourth consecutive year in 2021 at Messe Bremen from 18-20 May.

“It’s a great pleasure to be returning to Bremen in 2021, a city that has gone above and beyond to welcome breakbulk and project cargo professionals from more than 3800 companies,” Nick Davison, Portfolio Director for Breakbulk and CWEIME events, Hyve Group (formerly ITE Group) said. “The city of Bremen has proved to be a good fit for the Breakbulk attendees with its unique blend of historical charm, modern amenities, maritime environment and visitor affordability.”

Breakbulk Europe has grown significantly since the move to Bremen in 2018, and with over 120 countries represented, its reach embraces the world. Exhibitors at the 2019 event overwhelmingly demonstrated their satisfaction with Breakbulk Europe, Messe Bremen and the city itself, by rebooking 89 percent of exhibition space for 2020 by the end of the show. Along with many repeat exhibitors, the 2020 edition will feature 70 new companies, such as Sarens, CEVA Logistics, DP World, and Airbus, who has chosen Breakbulk Europe to promote their Beluga XL aircraft.

“We are committed to bringing a world-class event to this industry that is critical to the world’s economy,” Davison said. “As we move further into this decade, we will consider alternate locations for 2022 and beyond to deliver new markets and fresh thinking, but for now, Bremen is the right choice and we would not hesitate to return in the future.”

The 2021 announcement comes three months before the opening of Breakbulk Europe 2020, and already the indicators point to another success. Online registration is tracking 13 percent ahead compared to this time last year. A strong lineup of partnerships has been secured, including companies for each of the three content areas: Masters Arena by Aurelis Real Estate Service, Main Stage by Port of Gdańsk and Tech & Innovation Hub by Erhardt. New to the 2020 experience will be a pair of professional workshops focused on risk management and chartering essentials, Education Day for local students and those new or looking to enter the industry, and the first Europe-based Women in Breakbulk breakfast, part of Breakbulk’s global networking platform for female professionals.

About Breakbulk Europe

Breakbulk Europe has become the global hub for the industrial project supply chain, including the world’s foremost manufacturers, oil & gas companies, EPCs, carriers, ports, logistics firms, specialized transporters and related service providers. This year’s event is expected to bring together around 10,000 professionals from more than 120 countries. To request exhibiting and sponsorship information and to register for the event, visit europe.breakbulk.com.

Breakbulk Europe is one of four Breakbulk global events, along with Breakbulk Middle East in Dubai, 25-26 Feb. 2020, Breakbulk Asia in Shanghai, 18-19 March 2020 and Breakbulk Americas in Houston, 29 Sept.-1 Oct. 2020.

____________________________________________________________

Hyve Group plc is a next generation FTSE 250 global events business whose purpose is to create unmissable events, where customers from all corners of the globe share extraordinary moments and shape industry innovation.  Hyve Group plc was announced as the new brand name of ITE Group plc in September 2019, following its significant transformation under the Transformation and Growth (TAG) programme. Our vision is to create the world’s leading portfolio of content-driven, must-attend events delivering an outstanding experience and ROI for our customers.

Press contact: Leslie Meredith -Marketing  & Media Director, Breakbulk Events & Media

E: Leslie.Meredith@breakbulk.com

T: +1 801 201 5971

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Archives, Global Trade Daily, News

The Growth of the EU Fresh Beef Carcases Market Lost Its Momentum

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Fresh Or Chilled Carcases Of Beef And Veal – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the fresh beef carcase market in the European Union amounted to $12.6B in 2018, falling by -3.7% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Over the period under review, fresh beef carcass consumption, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The level of fresh beef carcass consumption peaked at $14.6B in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2018, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Consumption By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of fresh beef carcase consumption in 2018 were Italy (1M tonnes), Germany (791K tonnes) and Spain (388K tonnes), with a combined 55% share of total consumption. France, the Netherlands, Poland, the UK, Belgium, Ireland, Greece, Portugal and Hungary lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 36%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of fresh beef carcass consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by the Netherlands, while fresh beef carcass consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest fresh beef carcase markets in the European Union were Italy ($3.8B), Germany ($2.1B) and France ($1.6B), with a combined 59% share of the total market. These countries were followed by the Netherlands, the UK, Spain, Poland, Ireland, Greece, Portugal, Belgium and Hungary, which together accounted for a further 33%.

The countries with the highest levels of fresh beef carcase per capita consumption in 2018 were Ireland (24 kg per person), Italy (17 kg per person) and the Netherlands (17 kg per person).

Market Forecast to 2030

Driven by increasing demand for fresh beef carcase in the European Union, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to accelerate, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +2.2% for the period from 2018 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 5.1M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the EU

The fresh beef carcase production totalled 4.1M tonnes in 2018, lowering by -10.7% against the previous year. Over the period under review, fresh beef carcase production, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 with an increase of 7.7% y-o-y. In that year, fresh beef carcase production reached its peak volume of 4.6M tonnes. From 2017 to 2018, fresh beef carcase production growth failed to regain its momentum.

Production By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of fresh beef carcase production in 2018 were Italy (817K tonnes), Germany (802K tonnes) and Spain (448K tonnes), with a combined 51% share of total production.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of fresh beef carcase production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Germany, while fresh beef carcase production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports in the EU

In 2018, approx. 1.2M tonnes of fresh or chilled carcases of beef and veal were exported in the European Union; increasing by 3.5% against the previous year. In general, fresh beef carcase exports continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. In value terms, fresh beef carcase exports stood at $5.2B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

The exports of the six major exporters of fresh or chilled carcases of beef and veal, namely Poland, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain and Belgium, represented more than two-thirds of total export. It was distantly followed by Italy (59K tonnes), mixing up a 4.9% share of total exports. Ireland (50K tonnes) held a minor share of total exports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Poland, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Poland ($901M), France ($822M) and the Netherlands ($752M) were the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2018, with a combined 47% share of total exports.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the fresh beef carcase export price in the European Union amounted to $4,312 per tonne, increasing by 3.7% against the previous year. In general, the fresh beef carcase export price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, major exporting countries recorded the following prices: in the Netherlands ($5,145 per tonne) and Belgium ($4,824 per tonne), while Italy ($3,720 per tonne) and Poland ($3,967 per tonne) were amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Poland, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

The volume of imports amounted to 1.1M tonnes in 2018, therefore, remained relatively stable against the previous year. Over the period under review, fresh beef carcase imports, however, continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. In value terms, fresh beef carcase imports stood at $4.9B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Italy (247K tonnes) and the Netherlands (244K tonnes) represented roughly 45% of total imports of fresh or chilled carcases of beef and veal in 2018. Germany (129K tonnes) held the next position in the ranking, followed by France (84K tonnes), Greece (82K tonnes), Portugal (61K tonnes) and Spain (56K tonnes). All these countries together took approx. 38% share of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by the Netherlands, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Italy ($1.3B), the Netherlands ($887M) and Germany ($563M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2018, with a combined 56% share of total imports.

Import Prices by Country

The fresh beef carcase import price in the European Union stood at $4,500 per tonne in 2018, going up by 5.3% against the previous year. In general, the fresh beef carcase import price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The level of import price peaked at $5,077 per tonne in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2018, import prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major importing countries. In 2018, major importing countries recorded the following prices: in Spain ($5,325 per tonne) and Italy ($5,290 per tonne), while the Netherlands ($3,637 per tonne) and Germany ($4,352 per tonne) were amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by France, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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The EU Non-Wheat Flour Market To Continue Moderate Expansion

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Cereal Flours (Excluding Wheat) – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the non-wheat flour market in the European Union amounted to $1.1B in 2018, remaining stable against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Overall, non-wheat flour consumption continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. In 2013, the non-wheat flour market reached its peak level of $1.3B. From 2014 to 2018, the growth of the non-wheat flour market remained at a lower figure.

Consumption By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of non-wheat flour consumption in 2018 were Italy (622K tonnes), Germany (508K tonnes) and Poland (254K tonnes), with a combined 51% share of total consumption. These countries were followed by Romania, Greece, France, Spain, the UK, Sweden, Portugal, Finland and Austria, which together accounted for a further 37%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of non-wheat flour consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by the UK, while non-wheat flour consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Italy ($278M), Germany ($169M) and France ($83M) appeared to be the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2018, with a combined 50% share of the total market.

The countries with the highest levels of non-wheat flour per capita consumption in 2018 were Greece (13,832 kg per 1000 persons), Finland (12,601 kg per 1000 persons) and Italy (10,447 kg per 1000 persons).

Market Forecast to 2030

Driven by increasing demand for non-wheat flour in the European Union, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +0.9% for the period from 2018 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 3M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the EU

In 2018, approx. 2.7M tonnes of cereal flours (excluding wheat) were produced in the European Union; going up by 1.7% against the previous year. In general, non-wheat flour production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Production By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of non-wheat flour production in 2018 were Italy (650K tonnes), Germany (538K tonnes) and Poland (262K tonnes), together comprising 53% of total production. Romania, Greece, France, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, Austria and the Netherlands lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 35%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of non-wheat flour production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by the Netherlands, while non-wheat flour production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports in the EU

In 2018, the amount of cereal flours (excluding wheat) exported in the European Union totaled 489K tonnes, going up by 3.1% against the previous year. The total exports indicated measured growth from 2007 to 2018: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% over the last eleven-year period. The volume of exports peaked in 2018 and are expected to retain its growth in the near future. In value terms, non-wheat flour exports stood at $298M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

The exports of the five major exporters of cereal flours (excluding wheat), namely the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Belgium and France, represented more than two-thirds of total export. Poland (25K tonnes) held a 5.2% share (based on tonnes) of total exports, which put it in second place, followed by Spain (4.9%).

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Poland, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest non-wheat flour supplying countries in the European Union were Italy ($55M), the Netherlands ($55M) and Germany ($51M), together accounting for 54% of total exports. Belgium, France, Spain and Poland lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 29%.

Export Prices by Country

The non-wheat flour export price in the European Union stood at $608 per tonne in 2018, surging by 11% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2018, it increased at an average annual rate of +2.1%. The export price for cereal flours (excluding wheat) reached their maximum at $654 per tonne in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2018, export prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Italy ($825 per tonne), while Poland ($386 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Italy, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

In 2018, the amount of cereal flours (excluding wheat) imported in the European Union totaled 460K tonnes, standing approx. at the previous year. The total imports indicated a resilient increase from 2007 to 2018: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.3% over the last eleven-year period. In value terms, non-wheat flour imports stood at $287M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

The Netherlands (62K tonnes), Belgium (57K tonnes), Germany (53K tonnes), France (53K tonnes), Italy (38K tonnes), the UK (36K tonnes) and Spain (35K tonnes) represented roughly 72% of total imports of cereal flours (excluding wheat) in 2018. The following importers – Poland (17K tonnes), Portugal (15K tonnes), Romania (11K tonnes), Slovenia (11K tonnes) and Austria (9.9K tonnes) – together made up 14% of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Romania, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest non-wheat flour importing markets in the European Union were the Netherlands ($39M), France ($37M) and Germany ($36M), together comprising 39% of total imports. These countries were followed by Belgium, Spain, the UK, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Austria, Romania and Slovenia, which together accounted for a further 48%.

Import Prices by Country

The average non-wheat flour import price in the European Union stood at $625 per tonne in 2018, increasing by 11% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2018, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.9%. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2008 an increase of 23% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the import prices for cereal flours (excluding wheat) attained their maximum at $652 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, import prices failed to regain their momentum.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Austria ($918 per tonne), while Slovenia ($387 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Austria, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

slavery
Archives, Global Trade Daily, International Trade

“Free” Trade and Modern Slavery

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Modern Slavery

It’s more common than you might think. Seeking a means to provide for themselves and their families, millions of people routinely put their fate in the hands of brokers who promise factory, fishing, farming, hospitality or healthcare jobs overseas. They leave their country, greeted in a strange land not by honest employers but by traffickers. They are now bonded laborers who are told they must work to pay off their debt under threat of violence. Sometimes that “work” is commercial sex. Against their will, by force, fraud or coercion, they have become slaves.

The International Labor Organization estimates that 20.9 million men, women and children are victims of forced labor at any point in time. Although a person does not need to be physically transported to be subject to slavery, 29 percent of victims end up in forced labor after moving across international borders.

$150 Billion in Illicit Profits – Every Year

In small numbers, we should be concerned. But this is no small problem. According to the Alliance to End Slavery and Human Trafficking, human trafficking is one of the largest criminal enterprises in the world, generating an estimated $150 billion in illicit profits annually.

In the United States, January has been designated National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month. To recognize the 20th anniversary of the landmark Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA), the White House held a Summit on Human Trafficking on January 31.

The summit culminated in the signing of an executive order to improve prevention, increase prosecutions, and strengthen protections for victims in the United States, recognizing that “millions of individuals are trafficked around the world each year — including into…the United States.”

To combat it requires a comprehensive government effort involving labor and criminal enforcement, public services to aid victims, counter-trafficking policies and programming in overseas assistance, intelligence and diplomatic coordination – and trade policy.

Human Trafficking Across Borders Stat

Trade Policy and Trafficking

As far back as the Tariff Act of 1930, the United States prohibits the importation of foreign goods made by means of slave labor. But more recently, Congress has debated whether the United States should grant trading privileges to governments that do not respect human rights or fail to combat trafficking. That question featured in the annual debate over whether to grant “most favored nation” trading status to China before it entered the WTO. It arose again when some Members of Congress questioned whether Malaysia should be included in the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations.

In January 2018, Senators Menendez and Portman introduced the Anti-Trafficking Act to suspend countries from U.S. trade preference programs for one year for failing to address trafficking.

The U.S. State Department spearheads an annual Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report to assess the extent to which our and other governments are making efforts to meet minimum standards to eliminate human trafficking. On that basis, countries are placed into one of three tiers or on a watch list. “Tier 1” countries are deemed compliant with minimum standards under TVPA for making “serious and sustained efforts” to eliminate human trafficking.

On the other end of the spectrum, governments on “Tier 3” do not fully meet the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so. A country in Tier 3 may be restricted from receiving certain U.S. foreign aid, though the president may issue a partial or full waiver, particularly if withholding such assistance would cause adverse effects to vulnerable populations. The concept of withholding benefits to Tier 3 countries has also been applied to trade.

A “Principal” Trade Negotiating Objective

The Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015 as amended (the legislation that gives the executive branch its trade negotiating mandate and authority) added a principal trade negotiating objective on human rights. The expedited voting procedures afforded to trade deals under the Act can be conditioned on progress toward achieving this objective.

Principal negotiating objective smaller font

More powerful a lever, the Act explicitly prohibits applying so-called “fast track” voting on trade agreements with countries ranked on Tier 3 of the TIP Report.

Tier 3 exception smaller font

However, the Act was amended to allow the President to submit a waiver to Congress. The waiver is not meant to rest its case on new, untested commitments. Rather, it should describe “concrete steps” that country has taken to implement recommendations in the TIP report and should include supporting documentation. To date, no country has been denied a trade deal on this basis.

Free Trade Begins with Free

Trafficking in humans is an abomination and the worst form of illicit trade. Some policymakers believe that trading with the United States is a powerful incentive to government action and is therefore an effective tool to deploy as a punishment or carrot to improve human rights. Others argue that engagement in trade opportunities should not be withheld, lest it hold back economic progress in places and for people who need it the most.

Human rights as customary international law came into being and “grew up” alongside the international trade regime after WWII. The primacy of human rights over trade liberalization obligations is consistent with trade law itself, which explicitly provides exceptions where necessary to protect human life.

Wherever the debate comes out on how to use trade agreements and policies to promote human rights, we can all agree that free trade begins with free. The human right to be free will always come prior to free trade.

Dive Deeper: Trafficking in Persons Report 2019

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Andrea Durkin is the Editor-in-Chief of TradeVistas and Founder of Sparkplug, LLC. Ms. Durkin previously served as a U.S. Government trade negotiator and has proudly taught international trade policy and negotiations for the last fourteen years as an Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University’s Master of Science in Foreign Service program.

This article originally appeared on TradeVistas.org. Republished with permission.
decaffeinated coffee
Archives, Global Trade Daily, News

The Growth of the EU Decaffeinated Coffee Market Lost its Momentum

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Decaffeinated Coffee (Not Roasted) – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends And Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the decaffeinated coffee market in the European Union amounted to $1.6B in 2018, going down by -2.5% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Overall, decaffeinated coffee consumption continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Consumption By Country in the EU

The countries with the highest volumes of decaffeinated coffee consumption in 2018 were the UK (59K tonnes), Germany (49K tonnes) and France (45K tonnes), with a combined 47% share of total consumption. These countries were followed by Spain, Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Portugal, Italy and Finland, which together accounted for a further 42%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of decaffeinated coffee consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Spain, while decaffeinated coffee consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the UK ($449M) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was occupied by France ($174M). It was followed by Germany.

The countries with the highest levels of decaffeinated coffee per capita consumption in 2018 were Belgium (1,201 kg per 1000 persons), Austria (1,159 kg per 1000 persons) and Sweden (1,133 kg per 1000 persons).

Production in the EU

In 2018, the amount of decaffeinated coffee (not roasted) produced in the European Union totaled 433K tonnes, flattening at the previous year. Overall, decaffeinated coffee production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2016 with an increase of 5.5% against the previous year.

Production By Country in the EU

The country with the largest volume of decaffeinated coffee production was Germany (208K tonnes), accounting for 48% of total volume. Moreover, decaffeinated coffee production in Germany exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, the UK (55K tonnes), fourfold. France (42K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total production with a 9.7% share.

In Germany, decaffeinated coffee production remained relatively stable over the period from 2007-2018. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: the UK (+1.0% per year) and France (-0.4% per year).

Exports in the EU

In 2018, the exports of decaffeinated coffee (not roasted) in the European Union stood at 180K tonnes, going up by 3.1% against the previous year. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being observed over the period under review. Over the period under review, decaffeinated coffee exports reached their peak figure at 187K tonnes in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2018, exports remained at a lower figure. In value terms, decaffeinated coffee exports totaled $596M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

Germany dominates decaffeinated coffee exports structure, resulting at 161K tonnes, which was approx. 89% of total exports in 2018. It was distantly followed by Spain (15K tonnes), committing an 8.2% share of total exports.

Exports from Germany increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% from 2007 to 2018. At the same time, Spain emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the European Union, with a CAGR of +3.4% from 2007-2018. While the share of Germany (+13 p.p.) and Spain (+2.5 p.p.) increased significantly, the shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Germany ($503M) remains the largest decaffeinated coffee supplier in the European Union, comprising 84% of total decaffeinated coffee exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Spain ($74M), with a 12% share of total exports.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the decaffeinated coffee export price in the European Union amounted to $3,303 per tonne. Overall, the decaffeinated coffee export price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Spain ($4,989 per tonne), while Germany amounted to $3,134 per tonne.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Spain.

Imports in the EU

The imports stood at 69K tonnes in 2018, rising by 12% against the previous year. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 when imports increased by 13% year-to-year. The volume of imports peaked in 2018 and are likely to see steady growth in the immediate term. In value terms, decaffeinated coffee imports totaled $185M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Spain represented the major importer of decaffeinated coffee (not roasted) imported in the European Union, with the volume of imports finishing at 31K tonnes, which was near 45% of total imports in 2018. The Netherlands (11,908 tonnes) took a 17% share (based on tonnes) of total imports, which put it in second place, followed by Italy (9.7%), the UK (6.8%) and Belgium (6.7%). The following importers – France (2,912 tonnes) and Portugal (2,540 tonnes) – each accounted for a 7.9% share of total imports.

Spain was also the fastest-growing in terms of the decaffeinated coffee (not roasted) imports, with a CAGR of +12.1% from 2007 to 2018. At the same time, the UK (+3.2%), Portugal (+2.0%) and France (+1.7%) displayed positive paces of growth. The Netherlands experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, Italy (-1.4%) and Belgium (-4.1%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period.

In value terms, the largest decaffeinated coffee importing markets in the European Union were Spain ($59M), the Netherlands ($36M) and Italy ($22M), with a combined 63% share of total imports.

Import Prices by Country

In 2018, the decaffeinated coffee import price in the European Union amounted to $2,698 per tonne, waning by -11.6% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the decaffeinated coffee import price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The import prices for decaffeinated coffee (not roasted) attained their peak level of $4,621 per tonne in 2011. From 2012 to 2018, the growth in terms of the import prices for decaffeinated coffee (not roasted) remained at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was France ($4,154 per tonne), while Spain ($1,926 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by France, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

chromium
Archives, Global Trade Daily, Imports/Exports

Global Chromium Exports Soared Over the Last Two Years, Reaching $447M

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Chromium – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

Exports 2007-2018

In 2018, the amount of chromium exported worldwide amounted to 44K tonnes, stabilizing at the previous year. Over the period under review, chromium exports continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2010 with an increase of 62% year-to-year. The global exports peaked at 44K tonnes in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2018, exports failed to regain their momentum.

In value terms, chromium exports totaled $447M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018. After bottoming out from 2015-2016, it increased robustly over the last two years. Based on 2018 figures, chromium exports increased by +26.1% against 2015 indices.

Exports by Country

Russia represented the major exporter of chromium exported in the world, with the volume of exports resulting at 19K tonnes, which was approx. 44% of total exports in 2018. The UK (7,145 tonnes) took a 16% share (based on tonnes) of total exports, which put it in second place, followed by France (15%), the Netherlands (8.1%) and China (5.2%). The following exporters – Germany (1,723 tonnes) and Spain (683 tonnes) – together made up 5.5% of total exports.

Exports from Russia increased at an average annual rate of +3.4% from 2007 to 2018. At the same time, the Netherlands (+7.1%) and Germany (+1.5%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, the Netherlands emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the world, with a CAGR of +7.1% from 2007-2018. Spain and the UK experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, France (-1.2%) and China (-4.8%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period.

Russia (+14 p.p.) and the Netherlands (+4.3 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the global exports, while France and China saw its share reduced by -2% and -3.7% from 2007 to 2018, respectively. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Russia ($182M) remains the largest chromium supplier worldwide, comprising 41% of global exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by the UK ($87M), with a 20% share of global exports. It was followed by France, with a 15% share.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the average chromium export price amounted to $10,267 per tonne, increasing by 16% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2018, it increased at an average annual rate of +3.0%. The global export price peaked at $11,904 per tonne in 2011; however, from 2012 to 2018, export prices remained at a lower figure.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, major exporting countries recorded the following prices: in the UK ($12,237 per tonne) and France ($10,733 per tonne), while Spain ($8,533 per tonne) and China ($8,635 per tonne) were amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the Netherlands, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports 2007-2018

In 2018, the global chromium imports stood at 36K tonnes, approximately reflecting the previous year. In general, chromium imports continue to indicate a slight decrease. In value terms, chromium imports stood at $403M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

The countries with the highest levels of chromium imports in 2018 were the U.S. (7,870 tonnes), Germany (6,673 tonnes) and Japan (4,613 tonnes), together accounting for 54% of total import. The Netherlands (2,708 tonnes) ranks next in terms of the total imports with a 7.6% share, followed by Belgium (5.2%) and South Korea (4.5%). The following importers – the UK (1,492 tonnes), Austria (1,106 tonnes), India (1,017 tonnes), Taiwan, Chinese (938 tonnes), Italy (878 tonnes) and Canada (596 tonnes) – together made up 17% of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by India, while imports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest chromium importing markets worldwide were the U.S. ($101M), Germany ($72M) and Japan ($57M), with a combined 57% share of global imports. The Netherlands, the UK, South Korea, Belgium, India, Austria, Italy, Canada and Taiwan, Chinese lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 30%.

Import Prices by Country

In 2018, the average chromium import price amounted to $11,275 per tonne, rising by 24% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2018, it increased at an average annual rate of +3.5%.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Canada ($14,680 per tonne), while Belgium ($6,096 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Canada, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

countervailing duty
Archives, Global Trade Daily, In The News

Commerce Modifies Countervailing Duty Regulations to Address Currency Undervaluation

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The Commerce Department issued its final rule amending the countervailing duty regulations to address potential currency undervaluation. This revision to Commerce’s regulations will take effect in 60 days and will apply to all new investigations and administrative reviews that begin on or after April 6, 2020. The new rules would effectively clear the way for the U.S. to start applying punitive tariffs on goods from countries accused of having undervalued currencies.

Under the revised regulations, Commerce in the conduct of its countervailing duty proceedings will now have the authority to take into consideration the real effective exchange rates to determine the extent to which a currency is undervalued. They will also be able to seek the Treasury Department’s formal, non-binding evaluation on whether the foreign government’s actions were responsible for the undervaluation. If Commerce determines that there is undervaluation of the currency and that the undervaluation resulted from government action, Commerce will then potentially consider currency exchanges by the exporters and/or traders to be a subsidy given that the exporter or trader would effectively receive more domestic currency in return for their exchanges of U.S. dollars than they otherwise would have been able to receive under the old rules.

In the conduct of its countervailing duty investigations and reviews, Commerce will now look at each individual exporter’s currency exchanges, and specifically, the amount of additional domestic currency received in exchanges due to undervaluation. It will then potentially add the currency subsidy amount to the exporter’s overall countervailing duty rate. The move would give new muscle to U.S. complaints about currency manipulation that have in the past targeted economies like China and Japan and thus turn the more than $6 trillion-a-day global currency market into a new battlefield in the Trump administration’s trade wars. The new rule was opposed by the Treasury Department when it was first proposed in May 2019 as it would allow U.S. companies to file trade complaints with the Commerce Department over specific imported products by treating undervalued currencies as a form of an unfair subsidy.

The new regulations have far-reaching effects as it would allow the U.S. to impose countervailing duties on goods from countries accused of manipulating their currencies, even in cases where they were not officially found to be a currency manipulator by the U.S. Department of Treasury. Previous administrations have examined this issue but have delayed or resisted efforts to take such actions as it could potentially lead to currency wars amongst trading partners.

Commerce’s announcement is the result of campaign promises from the 2016 election. “This Currency Rule is an important step in ensuring that unfair trade practices are properly remedied,” said Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross in a statement. “While successive administrations have balked at countervailing foreign currency subsidies, the Trump Administration is taking action to level the playing field for American businesses and workers.”

In a question and answer section attached to Monday’s announcement, the Commerce Department said it would preserve the final power to make any determination about whether a currency’s value presented an unfair subsidy for that country’s exporters. The statutes governing Treasury’s mandate to monitor currencies and Commerce’s power to impose anti-subsidy duties had different criteria, Commerce said.

“Hence, the two processes may result in different outcomes as to a particular country, theoretically including the possibility of applying countervailing duties to a country that does not meet the criteria for designation under the laws Treasury administers,” the statement said.

Commerce also said the new rule would allow it to specifically impose currency-related tariffs against China even if the Treasury did not label it a currency manipulator. The Treasury last month lifted a designation of China as a manipulator just days before Trump signed a “Phase One” trade deal with China that included language on currencies, though the new rule appears to give the U.S. powers to act that go beyond what was included in last month’s deal.

The Commerce Department put some purported caveats on its powers, saying it would “not normally include monetary and related credit policy of an independent central bank or monetary authority” in determining whether foreign governments had acted inappropriately to weaken currencies. “Commerce will seek and generally defer to Treasury’s expertise in currency matters,” it said.  This statement, however, leaves a lot of room open for potential unilateral action by Commerce, as Commerce has reserved for itself the authority to find that undervaluation exists, even if Treasury in its bi-annual report makes a determination that a particular currency is artificially weak but not undervalued. This type of broad authority is similar to Commerce’s authority to conduct Particular Market Situation (“PMS”) investigations resulting in contested decisions and appeals to the Court of International Trade.

sawnwood
Archives, Global Trade Daily, Imports/Exports

Sawnwood Market in the Middle East Lost its Growth Momentum

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Sawnwood – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the sawnwood market in the Middle East amounted to $1.7B in 2018, coming down by -4% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +1.0% over the period from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014 when the market value increased by 16% year-to-year. In that year, the sawnwood market attained its peak level of $2B. From 2015 to 2018, the growth of the sawnwood market remained at a lower figure.

Consumption By Country in the Middle East

The countries with the highest volumes of sawnwood consumption in 2018 were Saudi Arabia (907K tonnes), Turkey (816K tonnes) and Iran (489K tonnes), with a combined 55% share of total consumption.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of sawnwood consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Turkey, while sawnwood consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest sawnwood markets in the Middle East were Saudi Arabia ($423M), Turkey ($222M) and the United Arab Emirates ($206M), with a combined 51% share of the total market.

Production in the Middle East

The sawnwood production amounted to 8.3K tonnes in 2018, approximately reflecting the previous year. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.9% from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. Turkey (8.2K tonnes) remains the largest sawnwood producing country in the Middle East, comprising approx. 99% of total volume.

Exports in the Middle East

In 2018, the amount of sawnwood exported in the Middle East totaled 106K tonnes, jumping by 24% against the previous year. Overall, sawnwood exports, however, continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. In value terms, sawnwood exports stood at $57M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

The United Arab Emirates represented the key exporter of sawnwood exported in the Middle East, with the volume of exports accounting for 69K tonnes, which was approx. 65% of total exports in 2018. It was distantly followed by Turkey (24K tonnes), making up a 23% share of total exports. Oman (4,182 tonnes), Lebanon (3,923 tonnes) and Saudi Arabia (1,838 tonnes) took a little share of total exports.

From 2007 to 2018, average annual rates of growth with regard to sawnwood exports from the United Arab Emirates stood at +3.0%. At the same time, Oman (+42.8%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Oman emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the Middle East, with a CAGR of +42.8% from 2007-2018. By contrast, Saudi Arabia (-1.0%), Turkey (-1.2%) and Lebanon (-13.9%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period.

In value terms, the United Arab Emirates ($36M) remains the largest sawnwood supplier in the Middle East, comprising 64% of total sawnwood exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Turkey ($12M), with a 20% share of total exports. It was followed by Lebanon, with a 5.1% share.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the sawnwood export price in the Middle East amounted to $532 per tonne, remaining stable against the previous year. In general, the sawnwood export price continues to indicate a slight contraction.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Lebanon ($729 per tonne), while Turkey ($479 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Lebanon, while the other leaders experienced a decline in the export price figures.

Imports in the Middle East

In 2018, the imports of sawnwood in the Middle East stood at 4.1M tonnes, shrinking by -13.2% against the previous year. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. Over the period under review, sawnwood imports reached their maximum at 4.7M tonnes in 2017, and then declined slightly in the following year. In value terms, sawnwood imports stood at $1.7B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Saudi Arabia (909K tonnes) and Turkey (832K tonnes) represented the main importers of sawnwood in 2018, recording approx. 22% and 20% of total imports, respectively. The United Arab Emirates (508K tonnes) held the next position in the ranking, followed by Iran (489K tonnes) and Israel (464K tonnes). All these countries together held approx. 35% share of total imports. The following importers – Lebanon (132K tonnes), Kuwait (122K tonnes), Jordan (118K tonnes), Oman (112K tonnes), Yemen (106K tonnes), Qatar (90K tonnes) and Iraq (81K tonnes) – together made up 19% of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Turkey, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Saudi Arabia ($423M), the United Arab Emirates ($247M) and Turkey ($224M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2018, together comprising 52% of total imports.

Import Prices by Country

The sawnwood import price in the Middle East stood at $414 per tonne in 2018, increasing by 14% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the sawnwood import price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Yemen ($717 per tonne), while Turkey ($269 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Yemen, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform