IS A TOMATO A FRUIT OR VEGETABLE? BOTANISTS AND TRADERS DISAGREE.

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IS A TOMATO A FRUIT OR VEGETABLE? BOTANISTS AND TRADERS DISAGREE.

August 27th, 2020 Andrea Durkin Leave a comment

Adults sometimes stop asking questions like “Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable?” Recently, my middle school-aged daughter quizzed us over dinner on this. She knew the answer because one of her classmates had recently presented on the legal answer in debate class. I was bemused that it came down to a Supreme Court decision emanating from a customs dispute. Here’s the answer, and some trade trivia on which countries export the most tomatoes. Some of the up and comers are quite intriguing.

Nix v. Hedden

In a decision rendered on May 10, 1893, the Supreme Court handed down its answer to whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable. Under the Tariff Act of March 3, 1883, vegetables were assessed a tariff of 10 percent ad valorem. Fruits could be imported duty-free. In Nix v. Hedden, Mr. John Nix brought a case against Edward Hedden, a customs officer at the port of New York, seeking to recover duties he paid under protest on tomatoes imported from the West Indies. Nix had to prove the tomato should be considered a fruit for the purpose of determining the import duty.

In Commerce and Common Parlance

Nix’s counsel read from Webster’s Dictionary, Worcester’s Dictionary, and the Imperial Dictionary, all of which defined “fruit” as the seed of plants or that part of plants containing the seed, reinforcing the textbook categorization of the tomato as a fruit. (To the botanist or natural historian, that’s the final word. The tomato is a fruit of the vine.)

But then the court heard from longtime sellers of fruits and vegetables. The witnesses suggested, and the court agreed, that in the common language of consumers and sellers, tomatoes are considered more like other vegetables than fruits. As Justice Gray put it in his summary, “vegetables…are usually served at dinner in, with, or after the soup, fish, or meat, which constitute the principal part of the repast, and not, like fruits, generally as dessert.” To this day, tomatoes are classified as a vegetable in Chapter 7 of the U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule.

We Grow a Lot More Tomatoes Today

The United States is one of the world’s leading producers of tomatoes, second only to China. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, fresh and processed tomatoes generate more than $2 billion in annual U.S. farm cash receipts.

Every U.S. state produces fresh market tomatoes. About twenty produce at a commercial scale. California and Florida devote 30-40,000 acres each to fresh market tomato production – somewhere between two-thirds and three-fourths of production – followed by Virginia, Georgia, Ohio, Tennessee, North Carolina, New Jersey, and Michigan.

Trade Allows Us to Eat Tomatoes All Year

We grow a lot of tomatoes, but we also eat a lot of tomatoes. Commercial sales of fresh tomatoes in the United States are strongest in the spring when they aren’t competing with availability of local tomatoes. But we can enjoy fresh-market tomatoes all year-round because of imports. Mexico tends to fill in the seasonal supply gap for consumers in western U.S. states, and to a lesser degree in the east since Florida produces a winter crop. U.S. greenhouse and hydroponic tomatoes also make up some the difference, but generally, about one-third of the fresh tomatoes we consume are imported. Mexico also accounts for more than 70 percent of the U.S. import market for greenhouse tomatoes. Canada supplies another 27 percent.

Chapter 7 of the Tariff Schedule Again

Mexican producers are competitive with California and Florida producers in the U.S. market. Worried about imports from Mexico eating into their sales, U.S. tomato producers petitioned the U.S. Department of Commerce to investigate whether Mexican producers were selling fresh-market tomatoes in the U.S. market below fair market value, undercutting the U.S. price. The investigation was suspended when Mexico entered into a negotiated agreement in 1996 that required the majority of fresh-market tomatoes imported from Mexico to adhere to an agreed minimum price.

In subsequent and more recent revisions to that agreement, the types of tomatoes covered under the agreement expanded, the tomato season was split into two periods to cover the summer and winter seasons —each with a separate minimum price, and the floor price was increased. The period between July 1 and October 22 targets competition between California and Baja, Mexico. From October 23 to June 30, Mexican fresh-market tomatoes must meet a higher minimum price to address competition between Florida and Sinaloa, Mexico. While we don’t impose duties on imports from our free trade agreement partners, the general duty for imports from other countries also varies depending on when in the growing season the tomatoes are imported. Either way, it’s the American consumer that foots the bill of the higher prices.

Outside North America, Azerbaijan is a Fast Grower

American fresh-tomato growers typically export 6 to 7 percent of their supply. About three-fourths of those exports go to Canada. U.S. exports to Mexico are a distant second. While American, Mexican — and to a lesser extent – Canadian, growers battle for North American market share, these fifteen countries globally exported the highest values of tomatoes during 2016, accounting for over 92 percent of global trade in tomatoes.

What might surprise you the most is the last four on this list. At number 13, Azerbaijan’s exports have grown 380 percent since 2012. China’s exports grew over that period by 119 percent, Belarus by 55.5 percent, and India grew its tomato exports by 42 percent.

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Andrea Durkin is the Editor-in-Chief of TradeVistas and Founder of Sparkplug, LLC. Ms. Durkin previously served as a U.S. Government trade negotiator and has proudly taught international trade policy and negotiations for the last fifteen years as an Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University’s Master of Science in Foreign Service program.

This article originally appeared on TradeVistas.org. Republished with permission.

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The Global Kiwi Fruit Market Grows Tangibly, Driven by Strong Demand in China and Europe

August 27th, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Kiwi Fruits – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

For the tenth consecutive year, the global kiwi fruit market recorded growth in sales value, which increased by 6.5% to $6.9B in 2019. Over the period under review, the total consumption indicated a resilient expansion from 2007 to 2019: its value increased at an average annual rate of +4.1% over the last twelve years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, the global market attained the peak level in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in the immediate term.

Consumption by Country

China (2.2M tonnes) remains the largest kiwi fruit consuming country worldwide, accounting for 52% of total volume. Moreover, kiwi fruit consumption in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest consumer, Italy (337K tonnes), sevenfold. The third position in this ranking was occupied by Iran (177K tonnes), with a 4.1% share.

In China, kiwi fruit consumption expanded at an average annual rate of +5.3% over the period from 2007-2019. In other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Italy (+8.7% per year) and Iran (+4.2% per year).

In value terms, China ($3.5B) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Italy ($553M). It was followed by Japan.

In 2019, the highest levels of kiwi fruit per capita consumption were registered in Greece (14 kg per person), followed by Italy (5.66 kg per person), Chile (4.45 kg per person) and Spain (3 kg per person), while the world average per capita consumption of kiwi fruit was estimated at 0.55 kg per person.

Market Forecast to 2030

In 2020, the lockdown and decreased consumer spending caused by the pandemic is to put a drag on the growth of the global kiwi fruit consumption. In the medium term, as the global economy recovers from the effects of the pandemic, the market is expected to grow gradually. Overall, market performance is forecast to pursue a slightly upward trend over the next decade, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.3% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 4.9M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production

For the third consecutive year, the global market recorded growth in the production of kiwi fruit, which increased by 4.1% to 4.3M tonnes in 2019. In general, the total production indicated tangible growth from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.1% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2019 figures, production increased by +3.6% against 2015 indices. The general positive trend in terms output was largely conditioned by temperate growth of the harvested area and a relatively flat trend pattern in yield figures.

Production by Country

China (2.1M tonnes) remains the largest kiwi fruit producing country worldwide, accounting for 49% of total volume. Moreover, kiwi fruit production in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Italy (578K tonnes), fourfold. New Zealand (533K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total production with a 12% share.

In China, kiwi fruit production increased at an average annual rate of +4.9% over the period from 2007-2019. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Italy (+2.8% per year) and New Zealand (+0.8% per year).

Harvested Area

In 2019, the global harvested area of kiwi fruit rose to 259K ha, picking up by 4.6% compared with the year before. In general, the total harvested area indicated a pronounced increase from 2007 to 2019: its figure increased at an average annual rate of +4.3% over the last twelve years. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to kiwi fruit production attained the peak figure at 261K ha in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2019, the harvested area failed to regain the momentum.

Yield

The global average kiwi fruit yield contracted slightly to 17 tonnes per ha in 2019, remaining relatively unchanged against 2018. Over the period under review, the yield showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The global yield peaked at 18 tonnes per ha in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2019, the yield remained at a lower figure.

Imports

In 2019, the amount of kiwi fruit imported worldwide shrank modestly to 1.5M tonnes, declining by -2.3% on the year before. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% from 2007 to 2019; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. Over the period under review, global imports attained the maximum at 1.6M tonnes in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2019, imports stood at a somewhat lower figure. In value terms, kiwi fruit imports expanded modestly to $3.1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019.

Imports by Country

In 2019, Belgium (154K tonnes), Spain (136K tonnes), China (112K tonnes), Germany (108K tonnes), Japan (107K tonnes), Russia (78K tonnes), France (75K tonnes), the U.S. (69K tonnes), Italy (63K tonnes), the Netherlands (61K tonnes), India (43K tonnes) and Poland (34K tonnes) was the largest importer of kiwi fruit in the world, generating 68% of total import.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by India, while imports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest kiwi fruit importing markets worldwide were China ($431M), Japan ($411M) and Belgium ($250M), together accounting for 35% of global imports.

Import Prices by Country

In 2019, the average kiwi fruit import price amounted to $2,024 per tonne, rising by 5.1% against the previous year. Over the last twelve years, it increased at an average annual rate of +2.9%. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 when the average import price increased by 19% year-to-year. Over the period under review, average import prices attained the maximum in 2019 and are expected to retain growth in years to come.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Japan ($3,856 per tonne), while India ($1,066 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by China, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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Despite the Pandemic, the Global Plantain Market is to Grow Steadily, Driven by Rising Population in Africa

August 19th, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Plantains – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

Rising Population in Africa to Buoy Market Growth

The global plantain market rose to $31.9B in 2019 (IndexBox estimates), surging by 2.6% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +3.5% from 2013 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2014 with an increase of 6.9% y-o-y. Global consumption peaked in 2019 and is likely to see steady growth in the near future.

In physical terms, global plantain consumption experienced a similar trend pattern, increasing from 37M tonnes in 2013 to approx. 43M tonnes in 2019. Over the last two years, the market rebounded after a slight contraction of 2016 which was caused by the escalation of civil armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo which is the largest plantain consuming country.

The countries with the highest volumes of plantain consumption in 2019 were the Democratic Republic of the Congo (5.7M tonnes), Cameroon (5.2M tonnes), and Ghana (4.2M tonnes), together comprising 36% of global consumption.

In value terms, the largest plantain markets worldwide were the Democratic Republic of the Congo ($5.4B), Cameroon ($4.5B), and Nigeria ($2.7B), together accounting for 39% of the global market. Peru, Myanmar, Colombia, the Philippines, Uganda, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 40%.

The countries with the highest levels of plantain per capita consumption in 2019 were Cameroon (205 kg per person), Ghana (141 kg per person), and the Dominican Republic (94 kg per person).

Plantains remain a staple food in African countries incl. those with low incomes, as their population has limited opportunities to opt for new alternatives in their local cuisine. Rising population and incomes in Africa, therefore, constitute major fundamentals behind the growth of the plantain market. Similar factors are relevant for some Latin American and Asian countries where plantains are also consumed at a noticeable scale.

In early 2020, the global economy entered a period of the crisis caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quarantine measures implemented worldwide to battle the spread of the virus hamper economic growth heavily throughout the world and disrupt the international supply chains. The result will be a drop in GDP which is to decrease consumer incomes.

Plantains, however, constitute a staple food, the consumption of which is rather insensitive to crisis periods. Given the fact that plantains are largely consumed in countries with low incomes and where they are only affordable mass food, it is not expected that the COVID crisis will lead to a deep decrease in plantain consumption. It is more likely that people would cut the consumption of more expensive food items on the backdrop of lower incomes. In the medium term, therefore, population growth will continue to drive growth in demand for plantains.

Accordingly, the plantain market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend, increasing with an anticipated CAGR of +2.4% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 55M tonnes by the end of 2030.

The U.S. Remains the Largest Importer of Plantains

In 2019, global imports of plantains increased by 2.3% to 1.3M tonnes, rising for the second year in a row after two years of decline. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% over the period from 2013 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2015 with an increase of 7.9% against the previous year. Global imports peaked in 2019 and are likely to continue growing in the immediate term.

In value terms, plantain imports stood at $855M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. The total import value increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% from 2013 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 with an increase of 8.7% against the previous year. Over the period under review, global imports reached the maximum in 2019 and are expected to retain growth in years to come.

Imports by Country

The U.S. represented the key importing country with an import of about 359K tonnes, which amounted to 27% of total imports. Saudi Arabia (145K tonnes) held an 11% share (based on tonnes) of total imports, which put it in second place, followed by South Africa (8.3%), the Netherlands (5.3%), and Romania (5.1%). The following importers – the UK (52K tonnes), El Salvador (44K tonnes), the United Arab Emirates (42K tonnes), Belgium (33K tonnes), Jordan (32K tonnes), Spain (29K tonnes) and Macedonia (26K tonnes) – together made up 19% of total imports.

From 2013 to 2019, average annual rates of growth with regard to plantain imports into the U.S. stood at +2.6%. At the same time, the United Arab Emirates (+24.7%), the Netherlands (+17.2%), the UK (+10.2%), Macedonia (+9.3%), Romania (+6.4%), South Africa (+5.6%), Saudi Arabia (+4.1%) and Jordan (+1.4%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, the United Arab Emirates emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in the world, with a CAGR of +24.7% from 2013-2019. By contrast, El Salvador (-7.2%), Spain (-7.3%) and Belgium (-8.4%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period.

In value terms, the U.S. ($230M) constitutes the largest market for imported plantains worldwide, comprising 27% of global imports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Saudi Arabia ($99M), with a 12% share of global imports. It was followed by the Netherlands, with an 8.6% share.

From 2013 to 2019, the average annual growth rate of value in the U.S. stood at +4.9%. The remaining importing countries recorded the following average annual rates of import growth: Saudi Arabia (+9.1% per year) and the Netherlands (+16.7% per year).

Import Prices by Country

In 2019, the average plantain import price amounted to $634 per tonne, almost unchanged from the previous year. In general, the import price recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2017 when the average import price increased by 8.1% year-to-year. As a result, import price attained the peak level of $679 per tonne. From 2018 to 2019, the growth in terms of the average import prices failed to regain the momentum.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was the Netherlands ($1,032 per tonne), while El Salvador ($206 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2013 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by El Salvador, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

Archives, Global Trade Daily, Imports/Exports

Driven by Strong Demand in the U.S., Global Lemon and Lime Imports Hit Record Highs

July 20th, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Lemons And Limes – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

In 2019, after six years of growth, there was a decline in the global lemon and lime market, when its value decreased by -5% to $16.5B. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.6% from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2008 with an increase of 15% year-to-year. Over the period under review, the global market attained the maximum level at $17.4B in 2018 and then fell modestly in the following year.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of lemon and lime consumption in 2019 were India (3.2M tonnes), China (2.4M tonnes), and Mexico (1.9M tonnes), with a combined 38% share of global consumption. These countries were followed by Argentina, the U.S., Brazil, Turkey, Spain, Italy, and Iran, which together accounted for a further 35%.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Spain, while lemon and lime consumption for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest lemon and lime markets worldwide were China ($2.2B), India ($1.8B), and Argentina ($1.5B), with a combined 33% share of the global market. These countries were followed by Mexico, Brazil, the U.S., Italy, Spain, Turkey, and Iran, which together accounted for a further 34%.

In 2019, the highest levels of lemon and lime per capita consumption were registered in Argentina (40 kg per person), followed by Mexico (14 kg per person), Spain (10 kg per person) and Turkey (8.25 kg per person), while the world average per capita consumption of lemon and lime was estimated at 2.54 kg per person.

Market Forecast 2019-2030

Driven by increasing demand for lemon and lime worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.2% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 22M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production

For the seventh consecutive year, the global market recorded growth in the production of lemons and limes, which increased by 2.2% to 20M tonnes in 2019. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% over the period from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 with an increase of 11% y-o-y. Global production peaked in 2019 and is likely to see gradual growth in the immediate term. The generally positive trend in terms output was largely conditioned by the slight growth of the harvested area and a relatively flat trend pattern in yield figures.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of lemon and lime production in 2019 were India (3.2M tonnes), Mexico (2.6M tonnes) and China (2.4M tonnes), together comprising 42% of global production. Argentina, Brazil, Spain, Turkey, the U.S., South Africa, Iran, Italy and Egypt lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 43%.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in South Africa, while lemon and lime production for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Harvested Area

In 2019, the total area harvested in terms of lemons and limes production worldwide reduced to 1.2M ha, dropping by -6.5% in 2018. The harvested area increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% over the period from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 when the harvested area increased by 16% against the previous year. As a result, the harvested area reached the peak level of 1.3M ha, and then reduced in the following year.

Yield

The global average lemon and lime yield expanded markedly to 17 tonnes per ha in 2019, growing by 9.3% against the previous year’s figure. Overall, the yield continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the average lemon and lime yield attained the peak level in 2019 and is likely to see gradual growth in years to come.

Imports

For the fifth year in a row, the global market recorded growth in purchases abroad of lemons and limes, which increased by 3.1% to 3.7M tonnes in 2019. Overall, total imports indicated a moderate expansion from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.3% over the last twelve years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2015 when imports increased by 12% y-o-y. Over the period under review, global imports reached the peak figure in 2019 and are likely to continue growing in years to come. In value terms, lemon and lime imports declined to $3.8B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019.

Imports by Country

In 2019, the U.S. (793K tonnes), distantly followed by the Netherlands (247K tonnes), Russia (224K tonnes), Germany (212K tonnes), France (198K tonnes) and Iraq (168K tonnes) represented the largest importers of lemons and limes, together committing 50% of total imports. The UK (161K tonnes), Italy (154K tonnes), Saudi Arabia (131K tonnes), Canada (127K tonnes), Poland (125K tonnes) and the United Arab Emirates (80K tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

Imports into the U.S. increased at an average annual rate of +5.2% from 2007 to 2019. At the same time, Iraq (+9.8%), Canada (+6.6%), the Netherlands (+6.5%), Saudi Arabia (+6.4%), the United Arab Emirates (+5.3%), Italy (+4.5%), the UK (+4.3%), France (+4.2%), Germany (+3.5%) and Poland (+1.9%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Iraq emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in the world, with a CAGR of +9.8% from 2007-2019. Russia experienced a relatively flat trend pattern.

In value terms, the U.S. ($692M) constitutes the largest market for imported lemons and limes worldwide, comprising 18% of global imports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Germany ($322M), with a 8.5% share of global imports. It was followed by France, with a 7.7% share.

Import Prices by Country

In 2019, the average lemon and lime import price amounted to $1,022 per tonne, with a decrease of -5.2% against the previous year. Over the last twelve-year period, it increased at an average annual rate of +2.1%. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2010 an increase of 19% against the previous year. Over the period under review, average import prices hit record highs at $1,144 per tonne in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2019, import prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2019, the country with the highest price was Germany ($1,521 per tonne), while Iraq ($446 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the United Arab Emirates, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

Archives, EU Trade, Global Trade Daily

The EU Pineapple Juice Market Lacks to Gain Momentum

June 23rd, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Pineapple Juice – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The EU pineapple juice market (which refers to the single strength juice of both direct extraction and reconstituted from the concentrate) was estimated at $368M in 2019, approximately equating the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price. Over the period under review, consumption recorded a mild decline. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2009 when the market value increased by 30% against the previous year. As a result, consumption attained the peak level of $624M. From 2010 to 2019, the growth of the market failed to regain the momentum.

COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a noticeable transformation of the markets throughout the world, in particular, with regard to the pineapple juice market. So far, the uncertainty regarding the depth of both the global and the national economic decline is too great to make reliable forecasts. However, changes are currently taking place in key market fundamentals: macroeconomic background, sales channels, supply chains, consumer behavior, and prices.

According to the IMF, even several months lived outbreak would lead to at least a 3% contraction of the global GDP in 2020. Previously, during the 2008-2010 crisis, pineapple juice production in the world declined in 2010, and afterward, it rebounded over the next two years. Since pineapple juice is a less popular product than more common types of juice, it is more at risk from the COVID-19 epidemic than staple food products. In the context of falling incomes, consumers primarily tend to exclude non-staple goods from purchases, which in the EU countries is relevant for pineapple juice. Given those assumptions, the contraction of the market in the short term of 2020 might be perceptible. In the medium term, the market growth should start to rebound gradually along with rising incomes and the wane of the pandemic.

Major supply chain risk comes from the fact that the pineapple industry in large producing countries (Costa Rica, the Philippines, Thailand) is largely export-oriented, therefore, a decrease in demand in Western countries can hurt local producers. Future pineapple cultivation may be hampered by the possible lack of investment in 2020 due to the economic uncertainty and tight financial conditions for both farmers and investors. Consequently, it could undermine supply chains because local producers will switch to other crops if pineapple cultivation becomes unprofitable.

Another risk may appear due to the disruption of established international supply chains including food handling and packaging intermediaries, as well as in the processing sector. Supply chains may be undermined by asynchronous quarantine measures taken in the involved countries as well as the restraints in deliveries. However, this is now mitigated by the gradual re-opening of the economies in the are key importing markets – the U.S. and Europe, which should support the market demand.

Given the limitations of the HoReCa sector and the reduced number of visits to traditional malls and shops, online retail is becoming a key channel for the sale of food products, including pineapple juice. Moreover, contactless delivery becomes a ‘must-have’ option for retail services. As online retail becomes the key sales channel, advertising budgets are to shift increasingly from point-of-sale advertising towards Internet messengers and social networks.

On the other hand, retail packaging adapted to different consumption situations becomes more popular: family packages, single person packages of various shapes and dimensions, snack packages, etc. Furthermore, increased consumer attention to health stimulates changes in branding and promotion towards focusing on the health benefits of pineapple juice, which may support the rise of ‘non-from-concentrate’ brands.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of pineapple juice consumption in 2019 were Spain (117K tonnes), France (82K tonnes) and Germany (47K tonnes), together comprising 52% of total consumption. These countries were followed by Italy, the Netherlands, the UK and Belgium, which together accounted for a further 33%.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Belgium, while pineapple juice (single strength) consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Spain ($115M) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was occupied by France ($52M). It was followed by Italy.

The countries with the highest levels of pineapple juice per capita consumption in 2019 were the Netherlands (2.54 kg per person), Spain (2.49 kg per person) and Belgium (2 kg per person).

Production in the EU

In 2019, pineapple juice production in the European Union declined modestly to 334K tonnes, which is down by -3.6% on 2018. In general, production continues to indicate a noticeable downturn. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2018 with an increase of 33% y-o-y. Over the period under review, production reached the peak volume at 669K tonnes in 2009; however, from 2010 to 2019, production failed to regain the momentum.

Production By Country

Spain (100K tonnes) remains the largest pineapple juice producing country in the European Union, accounting for 30% of total volume. Moreover, pineapple juice (single strength) production in Spain exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, France (47K tonnes), twofold. Italy (44K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total production with a 13% share.

From 2007 to 2019, the average annual rate of growth in terms of volume in Spain amounted to -2.4%. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: France (-0.7% per year) and Italy (-6.4% per year).

Exports in the EU

In 2019, exports of pineapple juice in the European Union shrank notably to 112K tonnes, which is down by -29.9% compared with the previous year. Total exports indicated tangible growth from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.4% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The volume of export peaked at 160K tonnes in 2018, and then reduced notably in the following year.

In value terms, pineapple juice (single strength) exports contracted to $82M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. The total export value increased at an average annual rate of +2.5% over the period from 2007 to 2019; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years.

Exports by Country

The Netherlands was the largest exporter of pineapple juice in the European Union, with the volume of exports recording 59K tonnes, which was near 52% of total exports in 2019. It was distantly followed by Germany (13K tonnes), Belgium (11K tonnes), Spain (6.9K tonnes) and Cyprus (5.5K tonnes), together achieving a 32% share of total exports. Austria (4.1K tonnes) and France (3.6K tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

The Netherlands was also the fastest-growing in terms of the pineapple juice (single strength) exports, with a CAGR of +16.1% from 2007 to 2019. At the same time, France (+11.0%), Cyprus (+9.1%), Belgium (+9.0%) and Spain (+8.0%) displayed positive paces of growth. Germany experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, Austria (-9.7%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. From 2007 to 2019, the share of the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Cyprus and France increased by +44%, +6.1%, +3.7%, +3.2% and +2.3% percentage points, while Austria (-8.7 p.p.) saw their share reduced. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, the Netherlands ($38M) remains the largest pineapple juice supplier in the European Union, comprising 46% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Germany ($12M), with a 14% share of total exports. It was followed by Belgium, with a 8.4% share.

In the Netherlands, pineapple juice exports increased at an average annual rate of +14.4% over the period from 2007-2019. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Germany (+0.8% per year) and Belgium (+7.0% per year).

Export Prices by Country

The average pineapple juice export price in the European Union stood at $733 per tonne in 2019. Over the period under review, the export price, however, saw a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, export prices attained the maximum at $873 per tonne in 2011; however, from 2012 to 2019, export prices remained at a lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was France ($1,212 per tonne), while Cyprus ($543 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by France, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

In 2019, overseas purchases of pineapple juice decreased by -5.1% to 249K tonnes, falling for the third year in a row after two years of growth. Against its outset level of 2007, imports, however, enjoyed a prominent increase. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 when imports increased by 36% against the previous year. As a result, imports attained the peak of 318K tonnes. From 2017 to 2019, the growth imports remained at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, pineapple juice imports reduced to $131M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Total imports indicated a pronounced increase from 2007 to 2019: its value increased at an average annual rate of +6.3% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period.

Imports by Country

In 2019, the Netherlands (87K tonnes) was the main importer of pineapple juice, generating 35% of total imports. France (39K tonnes) ranks second in terms of the total imports with a 16% share, followed by Germany (15%), Belgium (12%), Spain (9.5%) and the UK (6.4%).

Imports into the Netherlands increased at an average annual rate of +6.5% from 2007 to 2019. At the same time, Belgium (+19.7%), Spain (+17.8%), Germany (+11.6%) and France (+9.8%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Belgium emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in the European Union, with a CAGR of +19.7% from 2007-2019. The UK experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. While the share of the Netherlands (+18 p.p.), Germany (+11 p.p.), France (+10 p.p.), Belgium (+10 p.p.) and Spain (+8.1 p.p.) increased significantly, the shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, the Netherlands ($35M), France ($24M) and Germany ($20M) were the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2019, with a combined 60% share of total imports. Belgium, the UK and Spain lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 27%.

Import Prices by Country

In 2019, the pineapple juice import price in the European Union amounted to $528 per tonne, waning by -9.9% against the previous year. Overall, the import price showed a perceptible reduction. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2009 when the import price increased by 8.4% year-to-year. As a result, import price attained the peak level of $850 per tonne. From 2010 to 2019, the growth in terms of the import prices remained at a lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was the UK ($649 per tonne), while the Netherlands ($404 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by France, while the other leaders experienced a decline in the import price figures.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

Archives, Global Trade Daily, International Trade

Global Pears and Quinces Market Rose 2.9% to Reach $26.1B in 2018

April 24th, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Pear And Quince – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The global pears and quinces market revenue amounted to $26.1B in 2018, increasing by 2.9% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price).

Pear and Quince Consumption by Country

China (16M tonnes) remains the largest pears and quinces consuming country worldwide, accounting for 65% of total volume. Moreover, pears and quinces consumption in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest consumer, the U.S. (677K tonnes), more than tenfold. Turkey (631K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total consumption with a 2.6% share.

In China, pears and quinces consumption increased at an average annual rate of +1.2% over the period from 2009-2018. The remaining consuming countries recorded the following average annual rates of consumption growth: the U.S. (-1.4% per year) and Turkey (+3.6% per year).

In value terms, China ($16.8B) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was occupied by the U.S. ($819M). It was followed by Italy.

The countries with the highest levels of pears and quinces per capita consumption in 2018 were China (11 kg per person), Italy (10 kg per person) and Turkey (7.73 kg per person).

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of pears and quinces per capita consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Turkey, while pears and quinces per capita consumption for the other global leaders experienced mixed trends in the per capita consumption figures.

Market Forecast to 2030

Driven by increasing demand for pears and quinces worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to accelerate, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.9% for the period from 2018 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 30M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Pear and Quince Production 2009-2018

In 2018, the amount of pears and quinces produced worldwide amounted to 24M tonnes, approximately equating the previous year. Overall, pears and quinces production, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2011 when production volume increased by 6.7% year-to-year. The global pears and quinces production peaked at 27M tonnes in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, production failed to regain its momentum. The general positive trend in terms of pears and quinces output was largely conditioned by a relatively flat trend pattern of the harvested area and a slight expansion in yield figures.

In 2018, approx. 1.5M ha of pears and quinces were harvested worldwide; stabilizing at the previous year. Global average pears and quinces yield totaled 17 tonne per ha in 2018, approximately equating the previous year.

Pear and Quince Exports 2009-2018

In 2018, the amount of pears and quinces exported worldwide amounted to 2.8M tonnes, leveling off at the previous year. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% from 2009 to 2018. In value terms, pears and quinces exports amounted to $2.8B (IndexBox estimates).

Exports by Country

In 2018, China (539K tonnes), followed by the Netherlands (349K tonnes), Argentina (317K tonnes), Belgium (290K tonnes), South Africa (222K tonnes), Italy (158K tonnes), the U.S. (132K tonnes) and Chile (129K tonnes) were the main exporters of pears and quinces, together generating 77% of total exports. Portugal (111K tonnes), Spain (102K tonnes), Turkey (65K tonnes) and Belarus (51K tonnes) occupied a minor share of total exports.

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Belarus, while exports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest pears and quinces supplying countries worldwide were China ($594M), the Netherlands ($395M) and Argentina ($294M), together accounting for 46% of global exports. These countries were followed by Belgium, Italy, South Africa, the U.S., Chile, Portugal, Spain, Turkey and Belarus, which together accounted for a further 43%.

Among the main exporting countries, Turkey recorded the highest growth rate of the value of exports, over the period under review, while exports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

The average pears and quinces export price stood at $1,003 per tonne in 2018, picking up by 3.9% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the pears and quinces export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2013 an increase of 16% y-o-y. In that year, the average export prices for pears and quinces attained their peak level of $1,146 per tonne. From 2014 to 2018, the growth in terms of the average export prices for pears and quinces failed to regain its momentum.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Italy ($1,298 per tonne), while Belarus ($291 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by China, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

Archives, Global Trade Daily, Imports/Exports

Papaya Market in Latin America and the Caribbean – Guatemala Emerges as the Fastest Growing Exporter

April 3rd, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Latin America and the Caribbean – Papayas – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the papaya market in Latin America and the Caribbean amounted to $4.1B in 2018, going up by 5.3% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price).

Overall, papaya consumption continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2013 when the market value increased by 10% y-o-y. The level of papaya consumption peaked at $4.3B in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, consumption failed to regain its momentum.

Consumption By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of papaya consumption in 2018 were the Dominican Republic (1M tonnes), Brazil (1M tonnes) and Mexico (885K tonnes), together comprising 74% of total consumption.

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of papaya consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by the Dominican Republic, while papaya consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest papaya markets in Latin America and the Caribbean were Brazil ($1.2B), the Dominican Republic ($898M) and Mexico ($511M), together accounting for 64% of the total market. Cuba, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 28%.

Production in Latin America and the Caribbean

The papaya production totaled 4.2M tonnes in 2018, growing by 7.2% against the previous year. In general, papaya production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 with an increase of 7.2% year-to-year. The volume of papaya production peaked at 4.2M tonnes in 2016; afterwards, it flattened through to 2018. The general positive trend in terms of papaya output was largely conditioned by a relatively flat trend pattern of the harvested area and a relatively flat trend pattern in yield figures.

In 2018, approx. 97K ha of papayas were harvested in Latin America and the Caribbean; surging by 2.3% against the previous year. The average papaya yield totaled 43 tonne per ha in 2018, an increase of 4.8% y-oy.

Production By Country

The countries with the highest volumes of papaya production in 2018 were Brazil (1.1M tonnes), Mexico (1M tonnes) and the Dominican Republic (1M tonnes), with a combined 75% share of total production.

Exports in Latin America and the Caribbean

The exports amounted to 265K tonnes in 2018, shrinking by -2.9% against the previous year. In value terms, papaya exports totaled $187M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018. The total export value increased at an average annual rate of +3.3% over the period from 2009 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2014 when exports increased by 13% year-to-year. The level of exports peaked in 2018 and are likely to see steady growth in the immediate term.

Exports by Country

Mexico was the key exporter of papayas exported in Latin America and the Caribbean, with the volume of exports recording 155K tonnes, which was near 59% of total exports in 2018. It was distantly followed by Guatemala (59K tonnes) and Brazil (43K tonnes), together constituting a 38% share of total exports.

From 2009 to 2018, average annual rates of growth with regard to papaya exports from Mexico stood at +1.6%. At the same time, Guatemala (+53.8%) and Brazil (+5.0%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Guatemala emerged as the fastest-growing exporter in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a CAGR of +53.8% from 2009-2018.

Guatemala (+22 p.p.), Mexico (+7.6 p.p.) and Brazil (+5.7 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total exports, while the shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Mexico ($90M), Brazil ($50M) and Guatemala ($37M) were the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2018, with a combined 95% share of total exports.

Guatemala experienced the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of exports, among the main exporting countries over the period under review, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

The papaya export price in Latin America and the Caribbean stood at $706 per tonne in 2018, picking up by 14% against the previous year.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Brazil ($1,175 per tonne), while Mexico ($579 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Mexico, while the other leaders experienced a decline in the export price figures.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

Archives, Global Trade Daily, News

The Apple Market in the Middle East Reached $3.3B

February 11th, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Apple – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the apple market in the Middle East amounted to $3.3B in 2018, picking up by 9% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Over the period under review, apple consumption continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the apple market attained its peak figure level at $3.9B in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2018, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Consumption By Country in the Middle East

The countries with the highest volumes of apple consumption in 2018 were Turkey (2.9M tonnes), Iran (1.9M tonnes) and Syria (364K tonnes), together accounting for 86% of total consumption.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of apple consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Syria, while apple consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest apple markets in the Middle East were Turkey ($1.1B), Iran ($1B) and Syria ($384M), with a combined 77% share of the total market.

The countries with the highest levels of apple per capita consumption in 2018 were Turkey (35 kg per person), Iran (23 kg per person) and Syria (20 kg per person).

Production in the Middle East

In 2018, the amount of apples produced in the Middle East stood at 5.8M tonnes, approximately equating the previous year. Overall, apple production, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2016 when production volume increased by 6.9% against the previous year. The general negative trend in terms of apple output was largely conditioned by a relatively flat trend pattern of the harvested area and a mild drop in yield figures.

Production By Country in the Middle East

The countries with the highest volumes of apple production in 2018 were Turkey (3.1M tonnes), Iran (2M tonnes) and Syria (362K tonnes), together accounting for 94% of total production.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of apple production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Syria, while apple production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Harvested Area in the Middle East

In 2018, the total area harvested in terms of apples production in the Middle East totaled 426K ha, rising by 2.1% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the apple harvested area continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to apple production attained its maximum at 544K ha in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, harvested area failed to regain its momentum.

Yield in the Middle East

In 2018, the average apple yield in the Middle East amounted to 14 tonne per ha. Over the period under review, the apple yield continues to indicate a mild curtailment. Over the period under review, the apple yield attained its maximum level at 16 tonne per ha in 2009; however, from 2010 to 2018, yield stood at lower figures.

Exports in the Middle East

The volume of exports totaled 500K tonnes in 2018, surging by 30% against the previous year, which refers to the increased supplies from Turkey and Iran. The volume of exports peaked in 2018 and are expected to retain its growth in the immediate term. In value terms, apple exports totaled $254M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

Turkey was the key exporter of apples exported in the Middle East, with the volume of exports amounting to 238K tonnes, which was near 48% of total exports in 2018. Iran (139K tonnes) ranks second in terms of the total exports with a 28% share, followed by Lebanon (12%) and Syrian Arab Republic (4.6%). Israel (18K tonnes) and the United Arab Emirates (12K tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Turkey, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest apple supplying countries in the Middle East were Turkey ($95M), Iran ($78M) and Syrian Arab Republic ($26M), with a combined 78% share of total exports.

Export Prices by Country

The apple export price in the Middle East stood at $507 per tonne in 2018, dropping by -6.1% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the apple export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Export price peaked at $676 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, export prices remained at a lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Israel ($1,304 per tonne), while Lebanon ($213 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

Imports in the Middle East

In 2018, approx. 635K tonnes of apples were imported in the Middle East; declining by -1.6% against the previous year. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% over the period from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The volume of imports peaked at 702K tonnes in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2018, imports failed to regain their momentum. In value terms, apple imports totaled $579M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Saudi Arabia (187K tonnes), the United Arab Emirates (125K tonnes) and Iraq (103K tonnes) represented roughly 66% of total imports of apples in 2018. Jordan (42K tonnes) occupied a 6.6% share (based on tonnes) of total imports, which put it in second place, followed by Israel (5.9%) and Kuwait (5.1%). Qatar (26K tonnes) held a relatively small share of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Israel, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest apple importing markets in the Middle East were Saudi Arabia ($194M), the United Arab Emirates ($154M) and Israel ($47M), with a combined 68% share of total imports.

Import Prices by Country

The apple import price in the Middle East stood at $912 per tonne in 2018, rising by 11% against the previous year. Over the last eleven years, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.7%.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Israel ($1,262 per tonne), while Iraq ($221 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Qatar, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

Archives, EU Trade, Global Trade Daily

Frozen Fruit and Nut Market in the EU Grew Slightly to $2.4B

January 17th, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Frozen Fruit And Nuts – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends And Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the frozen fruit and nuts market in the European Union amounted to $2.4B in 2018, growing by 1.5% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, the frozen fruit and nuts market attained its maximum level in 2018 and is likely to see steady growth in the near future.

Consumption By Country

The country with the largest volume of frozen fruit and nuts consumption was Germany (369K tonnes), comprising approx. 25% of total volume. Moreover, frozen fruit and nuts consumption in Germany exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest consumer, France (184K tonnes), twofold. The third position in this ranking was occupied by Italy (149K tonnes), with a 10% share.

In Germany, frozen fruit and nuts consumption expanded at an average annual rate of +2.2% over the period from 2007-2018. The remaining consuming countries recorded the following average annual rates of consumption growth: France (+1.8% per year) and Italy (-5.0% per year).

In value terms, Germany ($632M), France ($389M) and Italy ($272M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2018, with a combined 54% share of the total market. These countries were followed by Poland, the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Austria, Spain, Hungary and Romania, which together accounted for a further 37%.

The countries with the highest levels of frozen fruit and nuts per capita consumption in 2018 were Belgium (6,286 kg per 1000 persons), Austria (5,257 kg per 1000 persons) and Germany (4,509 kg per 1000 persons).

Market Forecast 2019-2025 in the EU

Driven by increasing demand for frozen fruit and nuts in the European Union, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next seven-year period. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.2% for the period from 2018 to 2025, which is projected to bring the market volume to 1.6M tonnes by the end of 2025.

Production in the EU

In 2018, approx. 951K tonnes of frozen fruit and nuts were produced in the European Union; shrinking by -5.9% against the previous year. Overall, frozen fruit and nuts production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, frozen fruit and nuts production attained its maximum volume at 1.1M tonnes in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2018, production stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Production By Country

Poland (351K tonnes) remains the largest frozen fruit and nuts producing country in the European Union, comprising approx. 37% of total volume. It was followed by Spain (127K tonnes) and Italy (122K tonnes), with the combined share of 26%.

From 2007 to 2018, the average annual rate of growth in terms of volume in Poland stood at +1.5%. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: Spain (-1.2% per year) and Italy (-5.8% per year).

Exports in the EU

In 2018, the exports of frozen fruit and nuts in the European Union stood at 885K tonnes, rising by 2.6% against the previous year. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.3% over the period from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. In value terms, frozen fruit and nuts exports totaled $1.7B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

Poland represented the key exporter of frozen fruit and nuts exported in the European Union, with the volume of exports recording 349K tonnes, which was near 39% of total exports in 2018. The Netherlands (117K tonnes) held a 13% share (based on tonnes) of total exports, which put it in second place, followed by Belgium (9.3%), Spain (5.9%) and Germany (5.8%). Italy (34K tonnes), Greece (32K tonnes), France (18K tonnes), Bulgaria (17K tonnes), Austria (17K tonnes), Portugal (15K tonnes) and Lithuania (15K tonnes) occupied a little share of total exports.

From 2007 to 2018, average annual rates of growth with regard to frozen fruit and nuts exports from Poland stood at +2.2%. At the same time, Portugal (+10.7%), France (+7.4%), Bulgaria (+5.0%), the Netherlands (+4.3%), Germany (+3.5%), Italy (+3.3%), Lithuania (+2.0%), Spain (+1.7%) and Greece (+1.4%) displayed positive paces of growth.

Moreover, Portugal emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the European Union, with a CAGR of +10.7% from 2007-2018. Belgium experienced a relatively flat trend pattern. By contrast, Austria (-3.6%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period.

In value terms, Poland ($563M) remains the largest frozen fruit and nuts supplier in the European Union, comprising 33% of total frozen fruit and nuts exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by the Netherlands ($229M), with a 13% share of total exports. It was followed by Belgium, with a 11% share.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the frozen fruit and nuts export price in the European Union amounted to $1,931 per tonne, surging by 5.8% against the previous year. Overall, the frozen fruit and nuts export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2011 an increase of 27% year-to-year. The level of export price peaked at $2,304 per tonne in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2018, export prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was Lithuania ($3,052 per tonne), while Greece ($1,450 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

Imports in the EU

In 2018, approx. 1.4M tonnes of frozen fruit and nuts were imported in the European Union; surging by 2.5% against the previous year. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% over the period from 2007 to 2018. The volume of imports peaked in 2018 and is expected to retain its growth in the near future. In value terms, frozen fruit and nuts imports amounted to $2.6B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Germany represented the largest importer of frozen fruit and nuts imported in the European Union, with the volume of imports finishing at 396K tonnes, which was approx. 28% of total imports in 2018. It was distantly followed by France (183K tonnes), the Netherlands (154K tonnes), Belgium (136K tonnes), Poland (93K tonnes), the UK (89K tonnes) and Austria (63K tonnes), together committing a 52% share of total imports.

In value terms, the largest frozen fruit and nuts importing markets in the European Union were Germany ($671M), France ($386M) and the Netherlands ($257M), together comprising 50% of total imports. Belgium, the UK, Poland and Austria lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 28%.

Import Prices by Country

In 2018, the frozen fruit and nuts import price in the European Union amounted to $1,903 per tonne, jumping by 5.4% against the previous year. Overall, the frozen fruit and nuts import price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major importing countries. In 2018, major importing countries recorded the following prices: in the UK ($2,256 per tonne) and France ($2,102 per tonne), while the Netherlands ($1,664 per tonne) and Germany ($1,696 per tonne) were amongst the lowest.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

Archives, Global Trade Daily, Imports/Exports

Global Pear Market – Russia, Indonesia, and Germany Are the Largest Importers in the World

January 10th, 2020 IndexBox Leave a comment

IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Pears – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The global pear market revenue amounted to $27.3B in 2018, increasing by 4.7% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% over the period from 2008 to 2018; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2013 with an increase of 14% year-to-year. Over the period under review, the global pear market attained its maximum level at $30.8B in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, consumption failed to regain its momentum.

Consumption By Country

The country with the largest volume of pear consumption was China (16M tonnes), accounting for 66% of total consumption. Moreover, pear consumption in China exceeded the figures recorded by the world’s second-largest consumer, Italy (689K tonnes), more than tenfold. The U.S. (658K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total consumption with a 2.7% share.

From 2008 to 2018, the average annual rate of growth in terms of volume in China stood at +2.1%. The remaining consuming countries recorded the following average annual rates of consumption growth: Italy (+0.2% per year) and the U.S. (+0.9% per year).

In value terms, China ($17.5B) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Italy ($887M). It was followed by the U.S..

The countries with the highest levels of pear per capita consumption in 2018 were Argentina (14,247 kg per 1000 persons), Italy (11,598 kg per 1000 persons) and China (11,233 kg per 1000 persons).

From 2008 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of pear per capita consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Argentina, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Market Forecast 2019-2025

Driven by increasing demand for pear worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next seven years. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.9% for the seven-year period from 2018 to 2025, which is projected to bring the market volume to 28M tonnes by the end of 2025.

Production 2007-2018

In 2018, the global pear production stood at 25M tonnes, surging by 1.8% against the previous year. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% over the period from 2008 to 2018; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2011 when production volume increased by 6.2% year-to-year. The global pear production peaked at 26M tonnes in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, production stood at a somewhat lower figure. The general positive trend in terms of pear output was largely conditioned by a mild increase of the harvested area and measured growth in yield figures.

In value terms, pear production amounted to $27.7B in 2018 estimated in export prices. The total output value increased at an average annual rate of +3.1% over the period from 2008 to 2018; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 with an increase of 16% against the previous year. The global pear production peaked at $31.3B in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, production stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Production By Country

China (17M tonnes) remains the largest pear producing country worldwide, comprising approx. 68% of total production. Moreover, pear production in China exceeded the figures recorded by the world’s second-largest producer, Argentina (954K tonnes), more than tenfold. Italy (767K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total production with a 3.1% share.

In China, pear production increased at an average annual rate of +2.2% over the period from 2008-2018. The remaining producing countries recorded the following average annual rates of production growth: Argentina (+2.6% per year) and Italy (-0.0% per year).

Harvested Area 2007-2018

In 2018, the global pear harvested area stood at 1.4M ha, approximately mirroring the previous year. Overall, the pear harvested area continues to indicate a slight contraction. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2011 with an increase of 2% against the previous year. The global pear harvested area peaked at 1.6M ha in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2018, harvested area stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Yield 2007-2018

Global average pear yield amounted to 18 tonne per ha in 2018, going up by 2.8% against the previous year. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% over the period from 2008 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 7.2% against the previous year. The global pear yield peaked in 2018 and is likely to continue its growth in the near future.

Exports 2007-2018

Global exports amounted to 2.8M tonnes in 2018, jumping by 4.6% against the previous year. Overall, pear exports, however, continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 when exports increased by 5.7% y-o-y. The global exports peaked at 2.8M tonnes in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2018, exports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, pear exports stood at $2.7B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018. Overall, pear exports, however, continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when exports increased by 11% year-to-year. In that year, global pear exports reached their peak of $2.8B. From 2014 to 2018, the growth of global pear exports failed to regain its momentum.

Exports by Country

In 2018, China (544K tonnes), distantly followed by the Netherlands (337K tonnes), Argentina (317K tonnes), South Africa (302K tonnes), Belgium (288K tonnes), Italy (158K tonnes), Chile (156K tonnes), Spain (145K tonnes) and the U.S. (132K tonnes) represented the major exporters of pears, together achieving 86% of total exports.

From 2008 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by South Africa, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, China ($602M), the Netherlands ($381M) and Argentina ($294M) were the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2018, with a combined 48% share of global exports.

China experienced the highest rates of growth with regard to exports, in terms of the main exporting countries over the last decade, while the other global leaders experienced mixed trends in the exports figures.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the average pear export price amounted to $962 per tonne, approximately reflecting the previous year. Over the period under review, the pear export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2013 an increase of 15% y-o-y. In that year, the average export prices for pears reached their peak level of $1,127 per tonne. From 2014 to 2018, the growth in terms of the average export prices for pears failed to regain its momentum.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Italy ($1,299 per tonne), while South Africa ($636 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2008 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by China, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports 2007-2018

Global imports amounted to 2.7M tonnes in 2018, rising by 3% against the previous year. In general, pear imports, however, continue to indicate a mild contraction. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 7.3% year-to-year. Over the period under review, global pear imports reached their peak figure at 3.1M tonnes in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2018, imports failed to regain their momentum.

In value terms, pear imports amounted to $2.7B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018. Over the period under review, pear imports, however, continue to indicate a measured drop. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 13% y-o-y. Over the period under review, global pear imports attained their peak figure at $3.3B in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2018, imports failed to regain their momentum.

Imports by Country

The countries with the highest levels of pear imports in 2018 were Russia (271K tonnes), Indonesia (187K tonnes), Germany (185K tonnes), Brazil (158K tonnes), the UK (138K tonnes), the Netherlands (129K tonnes), the U.S. (123K tonnes), France (116K tonnes), Viet Nam (100K tonnes), Belarus (83K tonnes), China, Hong Kong SAR (82K tonnes) and Italy (80K tonnes), together accounting for 61% of total import.

From 2008 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Belarus, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($244M), Russia ($202M) and Indonesia ($147M) were the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2018, together accounting for 22% of global imports. Brazil, Viet Nam, the U.S., the UK, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Belarus and China, Hong Kong SAR lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 37%.

Belarus recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to imports, in terms of the main importing countries over the last decade, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

In 2018, the average pear import price amounted to $994 per tonne, stabilizing at the previous year. Overall, the pear import price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 an increase of 7.4% against the previous year. In that year, the average import prices for pears attained their peak level of $1,108 per tonne. From 2014 to 2018, the growth in terms of the average import prices for pears remained at a lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Viet Nam ($1,414 per tonne), while China, Hong Kong SAR ($577 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2008 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Viet Nam, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform