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Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Jordan Import the Most Barley in the Middle East

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Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Jordan Import the Most Barley in the Middle East

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Barley – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

In 2019, the Middle Eastern barley market increased by 8.4% to $5B, rising for the second consecutive year after four years of decline. Overall, consumption recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when the market value increased by 16% y-o-y. As a result, consumption reached a peak level of $7.6B. From 2014 to 2019, the growth of the market failed to regain momentum.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of barley consumption in 2019 were Turkey (7.5M tonnes), Iran (5.3M tonnes), and Saudi Arabia (4.2M tonnes), together comprising 82% of total consumption. These countries were followed by Jordan, Kuwait, Iraq, and the Syrian Arab Republic, which together accounted for a further 12%.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Kuwait, while barley consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Turkey ($1.9B), Iran ($1.2B), and Saudi Arabia ($998M) were the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2019, together accounting for 82% of the total market. Jordan, Kuwait, Iraq, and the Syrian Arab Republic lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 12%.

The countries with the highest levels of barley per capita consumption in 2019 were Kuwait (140 kg per person), Saudi Arabia (121 kg per person), and Turkey (91 kg per person).

Production in the Middle East

Barley production shrank modestly to 11M tonnes in 2019, approximately reflecting 2018. Over the period under review, production saw a relatively flat trend pattern.

Turkey (7M tonnes) remains the largest barley producing country in the Middle East, accounting for 65% of total volume. Moreover, barley production in Turkey exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, Iran (2.8M tonnes), threefold. Iraq (557K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total production with a 5.2% share.

In Turkey, barley production remained relatively stable over the period from 2007-2019. In other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Iran (-0.9% per year) and Iraq (-2.4% per year).

Harvested Area and Yield in the Middle East

In 2019, approx. 6.1M ha of barley were harvested in the Middle East; waning by -1.6% against the previous year. In general, the harvested area recorded a mild contraction.

In 2019, the average yield of barley in the Middle East totaled 1.8 tonnes per ha, stabilizing at the previous year’s figure. Over the period under review, the barley yield reached the peak level at 2 tonnes per ha in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, the yield remained at a lower figure.

Imports in the Middle East

After two years of growth, supplies from abroad of barley decreased by -2.8% to 10M tonnes in 2019. Overall, imports, however, showed a relatively flat trend pattern.Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at 13M tonnes in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, imports stood at a somewhat lower figure. In value terms, barley imports totaled $2.3B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019.

Imports by Country

Saudi Arabia was the main importing country with an import of about 4.2M tonnes, which amounted to 42% of total imports. It was distantly followed by Iran (2.6M tonnes), Jordan (0.9M tonnes), Kuwait (0.6M tonnes), and Turkey (0.6M tonnes), together committing a 46% share of total imports. The following importers – the United Arab Emirates (383K tonnes) and Israel (359K tonnes) – each comprised a 7.4% share of total imports.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the key importing countries, was attained by Iran, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Saudi Arabia ($966M), Iran ($546M), and Jordan ($213M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2019, together accounting for 74% of total imports.

Import Prices by Country

In 2019, the barley import price in the Middle East amounted to $231 per tonne, increasing by 6.4% against the previous year. In general, the import price, however, showed a perceptible downturn. Over the period under review, import prices reached the maximum at $307 per tonne in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, import prices remained at a lower figure.

Average prices varied noticeably amongst the major importing countries. In 2019, major importing countries recorded the following prices: in Jordan ($248 per tonne) and Kuwait ($231 per tonne), while Israel ($209 per tonne) and Iran ($213 per tonne) were amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Iran, while the other leaders experienced a decline in the import price figures.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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U.S. Seeks Snapback of U.N. Sanctions on Iran Despite Departure from Nuclear Deal

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The United States is formally demanding that the United Nations (U.N.) reimpose sanctions on Iran for its failure to meet commitments to limit its nuclear program set forth under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). U.N. sanctions on Iran were lifted in 2015 as part of the terms of the JCPOA, which included the United States, European Union, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Russia, and China as signatories. The U.S. formally withdrew from the JCPOA in 2018 and reinstated sanctions on Iran.

According to President Trump, the U.S. intends to restore “virtually all of the previously suspended U.N. sanctions on Iran. It’s a snapback.” Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is scheduled to go before the United Nations this week to officially notify the Security Council that the U.S. intends to restore U.N. sanctions on Iran. According to the Department of State’s press release, a range of U.N. sanctions will be restored within thirty (30) days, including the requirement to end all nuclear enrichment activities and the extension of the arms embargo on Iran, which is currently set to lapse in October.

The decision to request a snapback of U.N. sanctions on Iran follows the failure of an effort to extend a five-year U.N. arms embargo on Iran. The legality of the requested snapback by the U.S. has been questioned by other members of the JCPOA and the U.N. Security Council because the U.S. is no longer a party to the agreement. The Administration, however, maintains that as a permanent member of the Security Council, it has the authority under U.N. Security Council Resolution 2231 to push for a snapback of sanctions.

As a “participant state” in the JCPOA under the resolution, the U.S. claims it can assert “significant non-performance of commitments” by Iran to force a snapback within 30 days. It is not clear how the U.S. without support from Europe would enforce the U.N. sanctions. Without support from the rest of the Security Council, the U.S. will need to enforce sanctions unilaterally.

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Cortney O’Toole Morgan is a Washington D.C.-based partner with the law firm Husch Blackwell LLP. She leads the firm’s International Trade & Supply Chain group.

Camron Greer is an Assistant Trade Analyst in Husch Blackwell LLP’s Washington D.C. office.

tomato
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Tomato Market in the Middle East Posted Solid Gains Over the Last Decade

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Tomatoes – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The Middle Eastern tomato market declined to $15.9B in 2019, which is down by -13.6% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). In general, consumption saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 21% year-to-year. As a result, consumption attained a peak level of $19.8B. From 2018 to 2019, the growth of the market failed to regain momentum.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of tomato consumption in 2019 were Turkey (12M tonnes), Iran (6.7M tonnes), and the Syrian Arab Republic (651K tonnes), together accounting for 86% of total consumption. These countries were followed by Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Israel, which together accounted for a further 6.6%.

From 2013 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Jordan, while tomato consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Turkey ($7.8B), Iran ($5.3B) and Israel ($501M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2019, with a combined 86% share of the total market. Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, and Saudi Arabia lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 5.1%.

The countries with the highest levels of tomato per capita consumption in 2019 were Turkey (143 kg per person), Iran (80 kg per person), and Jordan (59 kg per person).

From 2013 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Jordan, while tomato per capita consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Production in the Middle East

Tomato production was estimated at 23M tonnes in 2019, remaining stable against the year before. In general, production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2017 when the production volume increased by 2.3% against the previous year. Over the period under review, production reached the peak volume in 2019. The generally positive trend in terms output was largely conditioned by a relatively flat trend pattern of the harvested area and a pronounced increase in yield figures.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of tomato production in 2019 were Turkey (12M tonnes), Iran (6.7M tonnes), and Jordan (864K tonnes), together accounting for 89% of total production. These countries were followed by the Syrian Arab Republic and Israel, which together accounted for a further 4.3%.

From 2013 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of tomato production, amongst the key producing countries, was attained by the Syrian Arab Republic, while tomato production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Harvested Area in the Middle East

In 2019, the total area harvested in terms of tomatoes production in the Middle East reduced slightly to 413K ha, stabilizing at the previous year’s figure. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to tomato production attained the maximum at 465K ha in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, the harvested area stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Yield in the Middle East

The average tomato yield rose to 54 tonnes per ha in 2019, growing by 2% against 2018. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +2.6% from 2013 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with only minor fluctuations in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2014 when the yield increased by 6.3% year-to-year. Over the period under review, the tomato yield hit record highs in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.

Exports in the Middle East

In 2019, overseas shipments of tomatoes increased by 19% to 883K tonnes, rising for the second year in a row after four years of decline. Over the period under review, exports, however, continue to indicate a deep downturn. Over the period under review, exports reached a maximum of 1.3M tonnes in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, exports remained at a lower figure. In value terms, tomato exports shrank to $482M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019.

Exports by Country

Turkey was the key exporting country with an export of about 535K tonnes, which reached 61% of total exports. It was distantly followed by Jordan (240K tonnes), making up a 27% share of total exports. The following exporters – Oman (30K tonnes), Iran (28K tonnes), and the Syrian Arab Republic (26K tonnes) – each finished at a 9.6% share of total exports.

From 2013 to 2019, the average annual rates of growth with regard to tomato exports from Turkey stood at +1.7%. At the same time, Iran (+23.7%) and Oman (+2.3%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, Iran emerged as the fastest-growing exporter exported in the Middle East, with a CAGR of +23.7% from 2013-2019. By contrast, Jordan (-14.4%) and the Syrian Arab Republic (-22.8%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. Turkey (+5.9 p.p.) and Iran (+2.3 p.p.) significantly strengthened its position in terms of the total exports, while the Syrian Arab Republic and Jordan saw its share reduced by -10.9% and -42.1% from 2013 to 2019, respectively. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Turkey ($303M) remains the largest tomato supplier in the Middle East, comprising 63% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Jordan ($120M), with a 25% share of total exports. It was followed by Iran, with a 5.2% share.

In Turkey, tomato exports shrank by an average annual rate of -4.2% over the period from 2013-2019. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of export growth: Jordan (-14.9% per year) and Iran (+45.8% per year).

Export Prices by Country

The tomato export price in the Middle East stood at $546 per tonne in 2019, which is down by -28.1% against the previous year. In general, the export price recorded a pronounced decrease. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2017 an increase of 23% year-to-year. As a result, the export price reached a peak level of $791 per tonne. From 2018 to 2019, the growth in terms of the export prices remained at a somewhat lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was Iran ($874 per tonne), while Oman ($95 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2013 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Iran, while the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the export price figures.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

sheep meat
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The Middle Eastern Lamb And Sheep Meat Market to Post Measured Growth

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Lamb And Sheep Meat – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the lamb and sheep meat market in the Middle East amounted to $7.8B in 2019, remaining relatively unchanged against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.0% over the period from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The level of lamb and sheep meat consumption peaked in 2019 and is expected to retain its growth in the immediate term.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of lamb and sheep meat consumption in 2019 were Turkey (371K tonnes), Iran (325K tonnes) and Syrian Arab Republic (158K tonnes), with a combined 63% share of total consumption. Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Jordan and Bahrain lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 35%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of lamb and sheep meat consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Qatar, while lamb and sheep meat consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest lamb and sheep meat markets in the Middle East were Iran ($2.3B), Turkey ($2.1B) and Syrian Arab Republic ($952M), together accounting for 69% of the total market. These countries were followed by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Qatar, Yemen, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan and Oman, which together accounted for a further 29%.

The countries with the highest levels of lamb and sheep meat per capita consumption in 2019 were Bahrain (16 kg per person), Qatar (13 kg per person) and Kuwait (12 kg per person).

Market Forecast 2019-2030

Driven by increasing demand for lamb and sheep meat in the Middle East, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.4% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 1.6M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the Middle East

In 2019, production of lamb and sheep meat increased by 1% to 1.2M tonnes, rising for the second year in a row after two years of decline. Over the period under review, production saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2015 when the production volume increased by 7.7% y-o-y. The volume of production peaked in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of lamb and sheep meat production in 2019 were Turkey (371K tonnes), Iran (320K tonnes) and Syrian Arab Republic (158K tonnes), together comprising 71% of total production. These countries were followed by Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq and Kuwait, which together accounted for a further 20%.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Yemen, while lamb and sheep meat production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Producing Animals in the Middle East

In 2019, the number of animals slaughtered for lamb and sheep meat production in the Middle East totaled 56M heads, standing approx. at 2018 figures. Overall, the producing animals recorded a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2012 when the number of producing animals increased by 8.6% year-to-year. The level of producing animals peaked in 2019 and is likely to continue growth in the near future.

Yield in the Middle East

In 2019, the average lamb and sheep meat yield in the Middle East reduced modestly to 21 kg per head, approximately equating the previous year. In general, the yield, however, saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2009 when the yield increased by 7.6% year-to-year. The level of yield peaked at 23 kg per head in 2011; however, from 2012 to 2019, the yield failed to regain the momentum.

Imports in the Middle East

In 2019, purchases abroad of lamb and sheep meat increased by 2.9% to 177K tonnes for the first time since 2015, thus ending a three-year declining trend. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% over the period from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2012 with an increase of 17% y-o-y. The volume of import peaked at 197K tonnes in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2019, imports remained at a lower figure.

In value terms, lamb and sheep meat imports expanded rapidly to $1.1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Total imports indicated resilient growth from 2007 to 2019: its value increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period.

Imports by Country

The purchases of the three major importers of lamb and sheep meat, namely the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, represented more than half of total import. Jordan (18K tonnes) ranks next in terms of the total imports with a 10% share, followed by Kuwait (9%), Oman (7.2%) and Bahrain (4.6%).

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Qatar, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest lamb and sheep meat importing markets in the Middle East were the United Arab Emirates ($302M), Qatar ($218M) and Saudi Arabia ($217M), with a combined 68% share of total imports.

Import Prices by Country

In 2019, the lamb and sheep meat import price in the Middle East amounted to $6,132 per tonne, surging by 2.1% against the previous year. Import price indicated a buoyant expansion from 2007 to 2019: its price increased at an average annual rate of +5.7% over the last twelve years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2019 figures, lamb and sheep meat import price increased by +27.0% against 2016 indices. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2010 an increase of 27% year-to-year. Over the period under review, import prices hit record highs in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Qatar ($7,170 per tonne), while Oman ($4,104 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Jordan, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

carrot
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The Middle Eastern Carrot And Turnip Market Continues Moderate but Robust Growth

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Carrots And Turnips – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

In 2019, the Middle Eastern carrot and turnip market increased by 3.1% to $458M, rising for the fourth year in a row after two years of decline. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +1.7% from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2012 with an increase of 8.9% year-to-year. Over the period under review, the market attained the maximum level in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in the immediate term.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of carrot and turnip consumption in 2019 were Turkey (564K tonnes), Iran (319K tonnes) and Israel (142K tonnes), with a combined 73% share of total consumption. These countries were followed by the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Oman and Kuwait, which together accounted for a further 20%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of carrot and turnip consumption, amongst the leading consuming countries, was attained by Oman, while carrot and turnip consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest carrot and turnip markets in the Middle East were Turkey ($96M), Israel ($86M) and Iran ($86M), with a combined 59% share of the total market. These countries were followed by the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman and Jordan, which together accounted for a further 31%.

The countries with the highest levels of carrot and turnip per capita consumption in 2019 were Israel (16 kg per person), the United Arab Emirates (12 kg per person) and Turkey (6.81 kg per person).

Production in the Middle East

In 2019, carrot and turnip production in the Middle East stood at 1.3M tonnes, stabilizing at the previous year. Over the period under review, production, however, saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2016 when the production volume increased by 4.8% against the previous year. Over the period under review, production hit record highs at 1.4M tonnes in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, production stood at a somewhat lower figure. The general negative trend in terms output was largely conditioned by a relatively flat trend pattern of the harvested area and a relatively flat trend pattern in yield figures.

In value terms, carrot and turnip production reached $396M in 2019 estimated in export prices. The total output value increased at an average annual rate of +1.3% over the period from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of carrot and turnip production in 2019 were Turkey (644K tonnes), Iran (331K tonnes) and Israel (228K tonnes), together accounting for 89% of total production. The United Arab Emirates lagged somewhat behind, accounting for a further 3.6%.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in the United Arab Emirates, while carrot and turnip production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Harvested Area in the Middle East

In 2019, the carrot and turnip harvested area in the Middle East stood at 40K ha, approximately reflecting the year before. Over the period under review, the harvested area, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2015 when the harvested area increased by 11% year-to-year. The level of harvested area peaked at 41K ha in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, the harvested area remained at a lower figure.

Yield in the Middle East

In 2019, the average carrot and turnip yield in the Middle East shrank modestly to 34 tonne per ha, remaining relatively unchanged against 2018. In general, the yield continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2011 with an increase of 5.1% y-o-y. The level of yield peaked at 39 tonne per ha in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, the yield remained at a lower figure.

Exports in the Middle East

In 2019, overseas shipments of carrots and turnips increased by 2.1% to 202K tonnes for the first time since 2016, thus ending a two-year declining trend. Total exports indicated a noticeable expansion from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2019 figures, exports decreased by -29.9% against 2016 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2011 when exports increased by 45% year-to-year. As a result, exports reached the peak of 312K tonnes. From 2012 to 2019, the growth exports failed to regain the momentum.

In value terms, carrot and turnip exports totaled $79M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Total exports indicated a noticeable expansion from 2007 to 2019: its value increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% over the last twelve-year period.

Exports by Country

Israel (86K tonnes) and Turkey (80K tonnes) dominates carrot and turnip exports structure, together creating 83% of total exports. It was distantly followed by Iran (12K tonnes), committing a 5.9% share of total exports. The following exporters – Saudi Arabia (8.8K tonnes), Syrian Arab Republic (4.9K tonnes) and Oman (4.9K tonnes) – together made up 9.2% of total exports.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of shipments, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Iran, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Israel ($53M) remains the largest carrot and turnip supplier in the Middle East, comprising 68% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Turkey ($14M), with a 17% share of total exports. It was followed by Saudi Arabia, with a 3.2% share.

In Israel, carrot and turnip exports expanded at an average annual rate of +4.3% over the period from 2007-2019. The remaining exporting countries recorded the following average annual rates of exports growth: Turkey (+2.7% per year) and Saudi Arabia (+0.9% per year).

Export Prices by Country

In 2019, the carrot and turnip export price in the Middle East amounted to $389 per tonne, rising by 2.7% against the previous year. In general, the export price saw a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, export prices attained the maximum at $469 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2019, export prices remained at a lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was Israel ($620 per tonne), while Turkey ($170 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Syrian Arab Republic, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the Middle East

Carrot and turnip imports expanded sharply to 262K tonnes in 2019, growing by 6.9% against the previous year. Total imports indicated a tangible expansion from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.1% over the last twelve years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2019 figures, imports increased by +55.3% against 2012 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2009 with an increase of 30% y-o-y. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs in 2019 and are likely to see steady growth in the immediate term.

In value terms, carrot and turnip imports expanded rapidly to $138M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Overall, imports continue to indicate a remarkable increase. Over the period under review, imports reached the peak figure in 2019 and are likely to see steady growth in the near future.

Imports by Country

The United Arab Emirates (81K tonnes) and Saudi Arabia (74K tonnes) represented roughly 59% of total imports of carrots and turnips in 2019. Kuwait (22K tonnes) ranks next in terms of the total imports with a 8.3% share, followed by Qatar (7.5%), Lebanon (6.7%) and Bahrain (4.8%). Oman (9.8K tonnes) took a little share of total imports.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Saudi Arabia, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest carrot and turnip importing markets in the Middle East were the United Arab Emirates ($45M), Saudi Arabia ($36M) and Qatar ($14M), with a combined 69% share of total imports.

Saudi Arabia recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of imports, in terms of the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

The carrot and turnip import price in the Middle East stood at $529 per tonne in 2019, picking up by 3.6% against the previous year. Import price indicated a tangible expansion from 2007 to 2019: its price increased at an average annual rate of +4.3% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2019 figures, carrot and turnip import price increased by +16.1% against 2017 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2008 an increase of 23% against the previous year. Over the period under review, import prices hit record highs at $554 per tonne in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, import prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2019, the country with the highest price was Qatar ($708 per tonne), while Lebanon ($352 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Qatar, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

tomatoes
Archives, Foreign Trade Zones, Global Trade Daily

Turkey Emerges as the Largest Producer of Tomatoes in the Middle East

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Tomatoes – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the tomato market in the Middle East amounted to $18.6B in 2018, declining by -8.5% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price).

The market value increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being observed throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2017 with an increase of 25% against the previous year. In that year, the tomato market attained its peak level of $20.3B, and then declined slightly in the following year.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of tomato consumption in 2018 were Turkey (12M tonnes), Iran (6.5M tonnes) and Syrian Arab Republic (658K tonnes), together accounting for 86% of total consumption. Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Israel and Iraq lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 7.9%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of tomato consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Jordan, while tomato consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest tomato markets in the Middle East were Turkey ($10.5B), Iran ($5.3B) and Israel ($559M), with a combined 88% share of the total market. These countries were followed by Iraq, Jordan, Syrian Arab Republic and Saudi Arabia, which together accounted for a further 6.4%.

The countries with the highest levels of tomato per capita consumption in 2018 were Turkey (144 kg per person), Iran (79 kg per person) and Jordan (57 kg per person).

Market Forecast to 2030

Driven by increasing demand for tomatoes in the Middle East, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.6% for the period from 2018 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 27M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the Middle East

The tomato production stood at 22.2M tonnes in 2018, remaining constant against the previous year. In general, tomato production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2009 when production volume increased by 5.3% year-to-year.

In value terms, tomato production stood at $19.8B in 2018 estimated in export prices. The total output value increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 with an increase of 36% y-o-y. In that year, tomato production attained its peak level of $21.5B, and then declined slightly in the following year.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of tomato production in 2018 were Turkey (12M tonnes) and Iran (6.6M tonnes), with a combined 84% share of total production.

Harvested Area in the Middle East

In 2018, approx. 415K ha of tomatoes were harvested in the Middle East; standing approx. at the previous year. Over the period under review, the tomato harvested area continues to indicate a mild curtailment. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2008 with an increase of 4% y-o-y. In that year, the tomato harvested area reached its peak level of 493K ha. From 2009 to 2018, the growth of the tomato harvested area remained at a lower figure.

Yield in the Middle East

In 2018, the average yield of tomatoes in the Middle East stood at 53 tonne per ha, stabilizing at the previous year. The yield figure increased at an average annual rate of +2.1% from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2009 with an increase of 7.2% year-to-year. The level of tomato yield peaked in 2018 and is likely to continue its growth in the near future.

Exports in the Middle East

In 2018, the exports of tomatoes in the Middle East stood at 782K tonnes, rising by 14% against the previous year. In value terms, tomato exports amounted to $618M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

Turkey (379K tonnes) and Jordan (258K tonnes) represented roughly 81% of total exports of tomatoes in 2018. It was distantly followed by Iran (84K tonnes), committing an 11% share of total exports. Syrian Arab Republic (32K tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Iran, while exports for the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the exports figures.

In value terms, Turkey ($339M) remains the largest tomato supplier in the Middle East, comprising 55% of total tomato exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Jordan ($168M), with a 27% share of total exports. It was followed by Iran, with a 12% share.

In Turkey, tomato exports increased at an average annual rate of +1.2% over the period from 2007-2018. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Jordan (-0.4% per year) and Iran (+33.5% per year).

Export Prices by Country

The tomato export price in the Middle East stood at $791 per tonne in 2018, leveling off at the previous year.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Iran ($913 per tonne), while Syrian Arab Republic ($463 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Jordan, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the Middle East

In 2018, the tomato imports in the Middle East totaled 602K tonnes, jumping by 6.9% against the previous year. In value terms, tomato imports amounted to $366M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Saudi Arabia (155K tonnes) and the United Arab Emirates (143K tonnes) represented roughly 50% of total imports of tomatoes in 2018. Kuwait (68K tonnes) took the next position in the ranking, followed by Iraq (67K tonnes), Qatar (49K tonnes), Oman (32K tonnes), Israel (31K tonnes) and Bahrain (31K tonnes). All these countries together accounted for a 46% share of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Israel, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Saudi Arabia ($98M), the United Arab Emirates ($86M) and Kuwait ($49M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2018, together accounting for 64% of total imports. Qatar, Iraq, Israel, Oman and Bahrain lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 32%.

In terms of the main importing countries, Oman recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of imports, over the period under review, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

The tomato import price in the Middle East stood at $608 per tonne in 2018, reducing by -13.2% against the previous year.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Israel ($725 per tonne), while Iraq ($369 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the United Arab Emirates.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

middle east
Archives, Global Trade Daily, News

The Apple Market in the Middle East Reached $3.3B

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Middle East – Apple – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the apple market in the Middle East amounted to $3.3B in 2018, picking up by 9% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). Over the period under review, apple consumption continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the apple market attained its peak figure level at $3.9B in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2018, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Consumption By Country in the Middle East

The countries with the highest volumes of apple consumption in 2018 were Turkey (2.9M tonnes), Iran (1.9M tonnes) and Syria (364K tonnes), together accounting for 86% of total consumption.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of apple consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Syria, while apple consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest apple markets in the Middle East were Turkey ($1.1B), Iran ($1B) and Syria ($384M), with a combined 77% share of the total market.

The countries with the highest levels of apple per capita consumption in 2018 were Turkey (35 kg per person), Iran (23 kg per person) and Syria (20 kg per person).

Production in the Middle East

In 2018, the amount of apples produced in the Middle East stood at 5.8M tonnes, approximately equating the previous year. Overall, apple production, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2016 when production volume increased by 6.9% against the previous year. The general negative trend in terms of apple output was largely conditioned by a relatively flat trend pattern of the harvested area and a mild drop in yield figures.

Production By Country in the Middle East

The countries with the highest volumes of apple production in 2018 were Turkey (3.1M tonnes), Iran (2M tonnes) and Syria (362K tonnes), together accounting for 94% of total production.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of apple production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Syria, while apple production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Harvested Area in the Middle East

In 2018, the total area harvested in terms of apples production in the Middle East totaled 426K ha, rising by 2.1% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the apple harvested area continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Over the period under review, the harvested area dedicated to apple production attained its maximum at 544K ha in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, harvested area failed to regain its momentum.

Yield in the Middle East

In 2018, the average apple yield in the Middle East amounted to 14 tonne per ha. Over the period under review, the apple yield continues to indicate a mild curtailment. Over the period under review, the apple yield attained its maximum level at 16 tonne per ha in 2009; however, from 2010 to 2018, yield stood at lower figures.

Exports in the Middle East

The volume of exports totaled 500K tonnes in 2018, surging by 30% against the previous year, which refers to the increased supplies from Turkey and Iran. The volume of exports peaked in 2018 and are expected to retain its growth in the immediate term. In value terms, apple exports totaled $254M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

Turkey was the key exporter of apples exported in the Middle East, with the volume of exports amounting to 238K tonnes, which was near 48% of total exports in 2018. Iran (139K tonnes) ranks second in terms of the total exports with a 28% share, followed by Lebanon (12%) and Syrian Arab Republic (4.6%). Israel (18K tonnes) and the United Arab Emirates (12K tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Turkey, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest apple supplying countries in the Middle East were Turkey ($95M), Iran ($78M) and Syrian Arab Republic ($26M), with a combined 78% share of total exports.

Export Prices by Country

The apple export price in the Middle East stood at $507 per tonne in 2018, dropping by -6.1% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the apple export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. Export price peaked at $676 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, export prices remained at a lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Israel ($1,304 per tonne), while Lebanon ($213 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

Imports in the Middle East

In 2018, approx. 635K tonnes of apples were imported in the Middle East; declining by -1.6% against the previous year. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +2.8% over the period from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The volume of imports peaked at 702K tonnes in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2018, imports failed to regain their momentum. In value terms, apple imports totaled $579M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Saudi Arabia (187K tonnes), the United Arab Emirates (125K tonnes) and Iraq (103K tonnes) represented roughly 66% of total imports of apples in 2018. Jordan (42K tonnes) occupied a 6.6% share (based on tonnes) of total imports, which put it in second place, followed by Israel (5.9%) and Kuwait (5.1%). Qatar (26K tonnes) held a relatively small share of total imports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Israel, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest apple importing markets in the Middle East were Saudi Arabia ($194M), the United Arab Emirates ($154M) and Israel ($47M), with a combined 68% share of total imports.

Import Prices by Country

The apple import price in the Middle East stood at $912 per tonne in 2018, rising by 11% against the previous year. Over the last eleven years, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.7%.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Israel ($1,262 per tonne), while Iraq ($221 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Qatar, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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Archives, Global Trade Daily, Imports/Exports

Persimmon Market in the Middle East – Key Insights

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IndexBox has just published a new report, the Middle East – Persimmons – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the persimmon market in Middle East amounted to $75M in 2017, growing by 10% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The total market indicated a remarkable expansion from 2012 to 2017: its value increased at an average annual rate of +9.4% over the last five years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period.

Based on 2017 figures, the persimmon consumption increased by +72.2% against 2012 indices. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013, when it surged by 32% year-to-year. Over the period under review, the persimmon market reached its peak figure level in 2017, and is likely to see steady growth in the immediate term.

Production in the Middle East

In 2017, the amount of persimmons produced in Middle East stood at 60K tonnes, growing by 2.4% against the previous year. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.4% from 2012 to 2017; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years.

Persimmon Exports

The exports totaled 7.6K tonnes in 2017, rising by 21% against the previous year. The persimmon exports continue to indicate a drastic decrease. In value terms, persimmon exports stood at $12M (IndexBox estimates) in 2017.

Exports by Country

Israel was the key exporting countries with an export of around 5.5K tonnes, which amounted to 72% of total exports. It was distantly followed by Iran (1.1K tonnes) and the United Arab Emirates (572 tonnes), together constituting 21% share of total exports. Lebanon (300 tonnes) held the minor share of total exports.

From 2012 to 2017, average annual rates of growth with regard to persimmon exports from Israel stood at -13.3%. At the same time, the United Arab Emirates (+285.1%) and Iran (+43.6%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, the United Arab Emirates emerged as the fastest growing exporter in Middle East, with a CAGR of +285.1% from 2012-2017. By contrast, Lebanon (-30.0%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. While the share of Israel (75%) and Lebanon (19%) increased significantly in terms of the global exports from 2012-2017, the share of the United Arab Emirates (-7.5%) and Iran (-11.7%) displayed negative dynamics.

In value terms, Israel ($11M) remains the largest persimmon supplier in Middle East, comprising 91% of global exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by the United Arab Emirates ($406K), with a 3.5% share of global exports. It was followed by Iran, with a 3.2% share.

Export Prices by Country

In 2017, the persimmon export price in Middle East amounted to $1.5 per kg, increasing by 13% against the previous year. The the persimmon export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Export prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest export price was Israel ($1.9 per kg), while Iran ($353 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2017, the most notable rate of growth in terms of export prices was attained by Israel (+3.1% per year), while the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the export price figures.

Persimmon Imports

In 2017, persimmon imports in Middle East amounted to 9K tonnes, rising by 2.5% against the previous year. The persimmon imports continue to indicate a strong expansion. In value terms, persimmon imports stood at $13M (IndexBox estimates) in 2017.

Imports by Country

Saudi Arabia was the largest importer of persimmons in Middle East, with the volume of imports accounting for 3.9K tonnes, which was approx. 43% of total imports in 2017. Jordan (2.5K tonnes) held the second position in the ranking, followed by Palestine (1.9K tonnes). All these countries together occupied approx. 50% share of total imports. The following importers – the United Arab Emirates (255 tonnes) and Bahrain (193 tonnes) together made up 5% of total imports.

From 2012 to 2017, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main importing countries, was attained by Bahrain (+55.3% per year), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Saudi Arabia ($5.1M), Jordan ($3.7M) and Palestine ($2.7M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2017, together comprising 92% of total imports. These countries were followed by the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, which together accounted for a further 6.2%.

Import Prices by Country

In 2017, the persimmon import price in Middle East amounted to $1.4 per kg, coming down by -2.1% against the previous year. The import price indicated a strong increase from 2012 to 2017: its price increased at an average annual rate of +12.9% over the last five year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2017 figures, the persimmon import price decreased by -3.8% against 2015 indices.

There were significant differences in the average import prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2017, the country with the highest import price was the United Arab Emirates ($2 per kg), while Saudi Arabia ($1.3 per kg) was amongst the lowest.

From 2012 to 2017, the most notable rate of growth in terms of import prices was attained by Saudi Arabia (+23.0% per year), while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform