New Articles

Programmable Money: How Virtual Cards Are Improving T&E Management

virtual cards

Programmable Money: How Virtual Cards Are Improving T&E Management

It’s hard to imagine companies funding employee travel and expenses (T&E) without plastic credit cards. They offer the ultimate flexibility for employees to get whatever they need when they’re away on company business. However, these cards are not always the best – or most lucrative – option.

The biggest challenge with physical cards is that companies don’t want every employee to have a corporate credit card. When you have plastic walking around, it can be lost, stolen, or used fraudulently. The majority of employees don’t make enough corporate purchases to warrant that risk. 

In the back office, it’s an administrative nightmare to keep track of cards that aren’t actively being used. So, companies often need to limit the number of cardholders to people who utilize them regularly. 

For employees that don’t have a corporate card, the traditional option has been to let them use their personal credit card. Then they submit a reimbursement form, attach all of their receipts to their paperwork, and present a justification for the expenses – resulting in a time-consuming, tedious process.

With this process, companies expect their employees to float the company money – sometimes for 30 days or longer if the reimbursement process is slow. That can cause cash flow problems for them. Some employees are okay with this because they’re getting all the points or rebates on company spending, but for the business, they’re both losing out on rebate revenue potential while causing undue stress on employees.  

The solution? Virtual cards. Programmable virtual credit cards offer companies a more customizable solution for when they want more control over T&E spending. They also address the challenges that plastic cards present for both companies and employees.

Virtual card Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) open the door to a better solution for everyone. You can connect to a virtual card issuing platform that lets you manage your virtual cards quickly and easily. You can then allow these cards to be used for limited spending by a specific person, even for a defined purpose and frequency, all within a specific time frame. 

For example, let’s say you’re sending someone out on the road for a week and their hotel has already been paid for by the company. You don’t need to give them a card with a $4,000 credit line for that. You can simply issue a virtual card and set the controls so that they can spend up to $150 each day. 

You can also set controls so that the card can only be used for purchases within certain Merchant Category Codes (MCCs). These MCCs can include restaurants, limo services, taxis, and even big box stores like Walmart or Target. You can even narrow the purchases down to specific items, like a toothbrush or aspirin. Essentially, if you don’t set the purchase as an MCC, it’s restricted. 

You set the controls, and when the card is presented, you can perform real-time authorizations using all of the data from the authorization message. These cards are secure by their very nature, which allows your business to know about any potential fraud within seconds.

All of this is done instantaneously through APIs and webhooks. It’s all application to application. No people are involved.

You can also use User-Defined Fields to attach metadata that’s meaningful to your business. The metadata flows through your systems throughout the lifecycle of the card, and comes in handy when reconciling and categorizing payments.

You can even customize your card art, and supply the virtual card directly to the recipient’s digital wallet for frictionless point-of-sale acceptance.

This is what we call “Virtual Card as a Service.” It’s taking existing virtual card technology and automating it so that corporate travel administrators can create, manage, and supply these cards as needed. They could be for employees who don’t need to be carrying around a company card, and even for contract workers or temporary employees. 

Nobody has to float the company money. Nobody has to contend with a manual expense reimbursement process, and the company gets the rebates.

Plastic T&E cards aren’t going away anytime soon. Whether they’re issued by the company, or people use their own cards and get reimbursed, they’re still considered a convenient way to pay for non-invoiced spending. But there are a lot of different ways that people spend a business’s money, and some ways benefit the business more than others.

The ability to program virtual cards with embedded controls gives companies more control – and more benefits – than ever before.The cardholder can pay at the point of sale with the same ease as plastic, and they don’t have to hassle with reimbursements. The company’s spending controls are enforced automatically, and they don’t have to take on the risk of having plastic cards outstanding. The customization is unmatched and ultimately safer for the businesses, making virtual cards the better way to manage T&E purchases.

 

OTA

How Virtual Credit Cards Are Powering New Digital Business Models

The credit card has come a long way since Forrest and Dorothea Parry invented it in 1960. Forrest was an IBM engineer working on bar code systems and optical character readers when he came up with the idea of a plastic card with data stored on a magnetic tape strip. He tried gluing the strip to the card, but the glue destroyed the data. His wife Dorothea suggested ironing it on. Her idea worked, and the system for storing, reading, transmitting and authenticating data that IBM developed around the mag stripe card revolutionized payments.  

The days of that simple plastic card are behind us. Most plastic cards today use chips, which can store and transmit more data, and also offer the ability to program custom features onto the card. In the world of B2B payments, virtual cards now transmit money and data without plastic at all. 

Evolution of Virtual Cards

With the rise of third party APIs and microservices, companies building digital businesses can integrate customized virtual card capabilities right into their operational processes. Think of it as a Virtual Card as a Service. I spent 15 years helping develop this technology, starting in the mid-2000s. 

At the time, what we were building was targeted at helping online travel agencies (OTAs) and Travel Management Companies (TMCs) better service hotels. During the Great Recession, corporate or leisure travel collapsed. With business slumping, OTAs & TMCs were looking for ways to increase efficiency and cut costs–for themselves, and for the hotels they served. 

Their business model, which was relatively new at the time, was to collect and aggregate data about room inventory and prices from global distribution systems (GDSs) such as Sabre, Amadeus and Travelport. They would then publish the listings in a user-friendly platform where travelers could book rooms directly through an API integration to the GDS, as opposed to having to call a bunch of hotels on the telephone and book directly. 

In exchange for acting as a marketing and sales arm for the hotels, OTAs would  earn a commission or assess a fee on room nights. For example, let’s say you reserve a hotel room through an OTA for $225. The OTA charges your card $225 through their acquirer. They’re the merchant in this scenario, so on your credit card statement you’ll see a charge from the OTA or TMC for $225. 

You’re done with the transaction, but the OTA still needs to pay the hotel the agreed upon amount. At the time, most OTAs were doing this part offline. Hotels could send them a detailed invoice weekly or monthly, and they would manually reconcile that with inventory sold and send a check. It was costly and inefficient for all parties.

Then as now, most travelers paid for hotel stays with credit cards, so hotels’ accounts receivable processes were and are designed around credit cards. When you give them a credit card for a specific hotel room, their AR system maps that card to a hotel stay. And when the transaction is completed, it automatically reconciles those room nights. The back end accounting is very clean. 

OTAs were looking to find a credit card issuer and a credit card processor that could use then-nascent virtual card technology to digitize the process and transmit the funds and the identifying data to the hotels’ accounts receivable departments in near real time, without the hotel having to bill the OTA separately.

We built a tech stack to be able to issue unique virtual card numbers one at a time, at the time the traveler booked the room. The $225 hotel room sale triggers the OTA to call a virtual card API and request a virtual card. 

The issuer sends the OTA a unique 16-digit MasterCard number, with expiration date, CVC and embedded controls that only allow it to be used only for an agreed upon amount in the merchant category code hotels. The OTA then pushes that unique card number to the GDS, which has all the data associated with your reservation, and they pass the card number and the data to the hotel. 

The hotel’s payment system charges that card the same way they would if the 16 digits were embossed on plastic, and the authorization request from the hotel goes back to the credit card processing platform for authorization. 

The validity of the card number, the available credit, and merchant category code are confirmed. The transaction clears through the MasterCard network overnight. The hotel gets the funds immediately into their account. The transaction is posted to the processing platform, and the OTA associated with the booking sees the expected charge on their bill.

The Virtual Card Advantage

All of this is computer to computer, and it happens in seconds–much faster than you can read this explanation about it. 

It didn’t take long for other industries to understand the benefits of this system–immediate, secure payment with customizable controls to prevent fraud; ease of reconciliation, and charge back capabilities in the case of disputes. Insurance claims management software providers were among the early adopters to integrate virtual cards into their processes..

Once an auto insurance claim is approved, for example, you need a mechanism to pay the auto repair facility that contracts with the insurance company and associate it to the right customer and work order. Auto repair companies also receive a lot of payments by credit card, so virtual cards fit right into their AR workflow.

Really, any digital business that needs to integrate non-invoiced, point of sale payment capabilities into their business process can take advantage of virtual card as a service. Examples include delivery apps, expense management and distressed airline passenger reimbursements.

This is the beauty of APIs and microservices. Developers and product leaders can focus on the core capabilities of their business, and connect into as a service offerings for capabilities such as website search, location data, and payment connectivity. It doesn’t make sense to build these things themselves when they can integrate it as a service from a provider that has already perfected it. 

In the realm of payments, working with a full stack virtual card as a service provider–one who is both issuer–can even enhance their own offerings with additional capabilities such as terms and financing.

The humble plastic credit card with the mag stripe changed the way we pay. Although people still carry plastic in their wallets, it’s been a long time since plastic was just a convenient way to pay for something. Today’s credit cards are sophisticated payment tools that carry richer data and offer a broader range of capabilities. In a data driven world, being able to integrate all of that into a wide variety of business processes is at the core of helping digital businesses scale and thrive.

About the Author

Keith Axelsen is the VP Commercial Product Management at Corpay, a FLEETCOR Company. He has 20 years of experience in the corporate payments and commercial card industry.