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The European Glass Fibres And Wool Market Reached $2.3B, Decelerating After Three Years of Solid Growth

glass fibres
Archives, Global Trade Daily, News

The European Glass Fibres And Wool Market Reached $2.3B, Decelerating After Three Years of Solid Growth

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Glass Fibres And Glass Wool – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends And Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

In 2019, the EU glass fibres and wool market increased by 0.3% to $2.3B, rising for the fourth consecutive year after two years of decline. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.3% over the period from 2013 to 2019; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations in certain years.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of glass fibres and wool consumption in 2019 were the UK (255K tonnes), Belgium (131K tonnes) and Germany (128K tonnes), together comprising 56% of total consumption.

From 2013 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Belgium, while glass fibres and wool consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest glass fibres and wool markets in the European Union were Germany ($550M), the UK ($349M) and Belgium ($224M), together comprising 50% of the total market.

In 2019, the highest levels of glass fibres and wool per capita consumption was registered in Belgium (11 kg per person), followed by Denmark (5.06 kg per person), the UK (3.78 kg per person) and Germany (1.56 kg per person), while the world average per capita consumption of glass fibres and wool was estimated at 1.80 kg per person.

Production in the EU

In 2019, the amount of glass fibres and glass wool produced in the European Union reached 923K tonnes, rising by 4.3% compared with the previous year. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.7% from 2013 to 2019; the trend pattern remained consistent, with only minor fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, production hit record highs in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in the near future.

Exports in the EU

In 2019, the amount of glass fibres and glass wool exported in the European Union expanded modestly to 254K tonnes, growing by 2.5% against 2018 figures. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.8% over the period from 2013 to 2019. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 with an increase of 13% against the previous year. In value terms, glass fibres and wool exports contracted slightly to $997M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019.

Exports by Country

The shipments of the three major exporters of glass fibres and glass wool, namely Germany, Belgium and Spain, represented more than half of total export. It was distantly followed by Sweden (14K tonnes), making up a 5.5% share of total exports. The following exporters – Lithuania (11K tonnes), the UK (11K tonnes), France (10K tonnes), Denmark (9.2K tonnes) and Italy (9.1K tonnes) – each accounted for a 20% share of total exports.

From 2013 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of shipments, amongst the leading exporting countries, was attained by Lithuania (+163.2% per year), while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($313M) remains the largest glass fibres and wool supplier in the European Union, comprising 31% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Spain ($110M), with an 11% share of total exports. It was followed by Denmark, with an 8.6% share.

Export Prices by Country

In 2019, the glass fibres and wool export price in the European Union amounted to $3,931 per tonne, shrinking by -4.1% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the export price recorded a mild setback. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2016 when the export price increased by 17% y-o-y. As a result, export price attained the peak level of $4,614 per tonne. From 2017 to 2019, the growth in terms of the export prices remained at a lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was Denmark ($9,270 per tonne), while Belgium ($1,359 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2013 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Germany, while the other leaders experienced a decline in the export price figures.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

wood pulp
Archives, EU Trade, Global Trade Daily

The EU Dissolving Grade Wood Pulp Market Lost Growth Momentum

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Chemical Wood Pulp (Dissolving Grades) – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the dissolving grade wood pulp market in the European Union amounted to $1.6B in 2018, waning by -5.6% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price). The market value increased at an average annual rate of +2.7% from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. Over the period under review, the dissolving grade wood pulp market attained its peak figure level at $1.7B in 2017, and then declined slightly in the following year.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of dissolving grade wood pulp consumption in 2018 were Austria (334K tonnes), Germany (320K tonnes) and Finland (264K tonnes), with a combined 57% share of total consumption. These countries were followed by Sweden, Poland, the Netherlands, France and Belgium, which together accounted for a further 32%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of dissolving grade wood pulp consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Belgium (+55.4% per year), while dissolving grade wood pulp consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($389M), Austria ($252M) and Finland ($239M) appeared to be the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2018, together accounting for 56% of the total market. These countries were followed by Sweden, Poland, the Netherlands, France and Belgium, which together accounted for a further 32%.

The countries with the highest levels of dissolving grade wood pulp per capita consumption in 2018 were Finland (48 kg per person), Austria (38 kg per person) and Sweden (19 kg per person).

Production in the EU

In 2018, approx. 2M tonnes of dissolving grade wood pulp were produced in the European Union; shrinking by -4.1% against the previous year. Overall, dissolving grade wood pulp production, however, continues to indicate a buoyant increase. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when production volume increased by 40% against the previous year. The volume of dissolving grade wood pulp production peaked at 2.1M tonnes in 2017, and then declined slightly in the following year.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of dissolving grade wood pulp production in 2018 were Sweden (478K tonnes), Austria (456K tonnes) and Finland (400K tonnes), together accounting for 67% of total production. The Czech Republic, Poland, Portugal and France lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 29%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of dissolving grade wood pulp production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Poland, while dissolving grade wood pulp production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports in the EU

The exports stood at 1.1M tonnes in 2018, stabilizing in the previous year. Overall, dissolving grade wood pulp exports continue to indicate a prominent increase. The volume of exports peaked at 1.3M tonnes in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, exports stood at a somewhat lower figure. In value terms, dissolving grade wood pulp exports totaled $1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

In 2018, Sweden (310K tonnes) and the Czech Republic (264K tonnes) were the major exporters of dissolving grade wood pulp in the European Union, together committing 52% of total exports. Austria (168K tonnes) occupied the next position in the ranking, followed by Finland (143K tonnes), Portugal (101K tonnes) and France (64K tonnes). All these countries together held near 43% share of total exports. Spain (24K tonnes) took a little share of total exports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Austria, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest dissolving grade wood pulp supplying countries in the European Union were Sweden ($297M), the Czech Republic ($242M) and Finland ($120M), together comprising 65% of total exports. Austria, Portugal, France and Spain lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 31%.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the dissolving grade wood pulp export price in the European Union amounted to $922 per tonne, declining by -1.7% against the previous year. Overall, the dissolving grade wood pulp export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was France ($1,372 per tonne), while Austria ($678 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the Czech Republic, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

In 2018, the imports of dissolving grade wood pulp in the European Union totaled 715K tonnes, going down by -1.7% against the previous year. Over the period under review, dissolving grade wood pulp imports continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. In value terms, dissolving grade wood pulp imports stood at $803M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Germany represented the largest importer of dissolving grade wood pulp imported in the European Union, with the volume of imports recording 333K tonnes, which was approx. 47% of total imports in 2018. It was distantly followed by the Netherlands (79K tonnes), Belgium (70K tonnes), Austria (46K tonnes), the UK (46K tonnes), Ireland (36K tonnes) and France (34K tonnes), together mixing up a 43% share of total imports.

Germany experienced a relatively flat trend pattern with regard to volume of imports of dissolving grade wood pulp imports. At the same time, the Netherlands (+5.0%), France (+4.2%), Ireland (+2.8%) and Austria (+1.5%) displayed positive paces of growth. Moreover, the Netherlands emerged as the fastest-growing importer imported in the European Union, with a CAGR of +5.0% from 2007-2018. By contrast, Belgium (-2.2%) and the UK (-7.9%) illustrated a downward trend over the same period. From 2007 to 2018, the share of the Netherlands and France increased by +4.6% and +1.7% percentage points, while Belgium (-2.7 p.p.) and the UK (-9.4 p.p.) saw their share reduced. The shares of the other countries remained relatively stable throughout the analyzed period.

In value terms, Germany ($413M) constitutes the largest market for imported dissolving grade wood pulp in the European Union, comprising 51% of total dissolving grade wood pulp imports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Belgium ($73M), with a 9.1% share of total imports. It was followed by the Netherlands, with a 8.8% share.

Import Prices by Country

In 2018, the dissolving grade wood pulp import price in the European Union amounted to $1,122 per tonne, increasing by 2% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2018, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.3%. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2010 when the import price increased by 24% y-o-y. The level of import price peaked at $1,434 per tonne in 2011; however, from 2012 to 2018, import prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Germany ($1,240 per tonne), while Austria ($795 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Belgium, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

 

pears
Archives, Global Trade Daily, International Trade

Global Pears and Quinces Market Rose 2.9% to Reach $26.1B in 2018

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Pear And Quince – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The global pears and quinces market revenue amounted to $26.1B in 2018, increasing by 2.9% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price).

Pear and Quince Consumption by Country

China (16M tonnes) remains the largest pears and quinces consuming country worldwide, accounting for 65% of total volume. Moreover, pears and quinces consumption in China exceeded the figures recorded by the second-largest consumer, the U.S. (677K tonnes), more than tenfold. Turkey (631K tonnes) ranked third in terms of total consumption with a 2.6% share.

In China, pears and quinces consumption increased at an average annual rate of +1.2% over the period from 2009-2018. The remaining consuming countries recorded the following average annual rates of consumption growth: the U.S. (-1.4% per year) and Turkey (+3.6% per year).

In value terms, China ($16.8B) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was occupied by the U.S. ($819M). It was followed by Italy.

The countries with the highest levels of pears and quinces per capita consumption in 2018 were China (11 kg per person), Italy (10 kg per person) and Turkey (7.73 kg per person).

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of pears and quinces per capita consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Turkey, while pears and quinces per capita consumption for the other global leaders experienced mixed trends in the per capita consumption figures.

Market Forecast to 2030

Driven by increasing demand for pears and quinces worldwide, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to accelerate, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.9% for the period from 2018 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 30M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Pear and Quince Production 2009-2018

In 2018, the amount of pears and quinces produced worldwide amounted to 24M tonnes, approximately equating the previous year. Overall, pears and quinces production, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2011 when production volume increased by 6.7% year-to-year. The global pears and quinces production peaked at 27M tonnes in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2018, production failed to regain its momentum. The general positive trend in terms of pears and quinces output was largely conditioned by a relatively flat trend pattern of the harvested area and a slight expansion in yield figures.

In 2018, approx. 1.5M ha of pears and quinces were harvested worldwide; stabilizing at the previous year. Global average pears and quinces yield totaled 17 tonne per ha in 2018, approximately equating the previous year.

Pear and Quince Exports 2009-2018

In 2018, the amount of pears and quinces exported worldwide amounted to 2.8M tonnes, leveling off at the previous year. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% from 2009 to 2018. In value terms, pears and quinces exports amounted to $2.8B (IndexBox estimates).

Exports by Country

In 2018, China (539K tonnes), followed by the Netherlands (349K tonnes), Argentina (317K tonnes), Belgium (290K tonnes), South Africa (222K tonnes), Italy (158K tonnes), the U.S. (132K tonnes) and Chile (129K tonnes) were the main exporters of pears and quinces, together generating 77% of total exports. Portugal (111K tonnes), Spain (102K tonnes), Turkey (65K tonnes) and Belarus (51K tonnes) occupied a minor share of total exports.

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Belarus, while exports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest pears and quinces supplying countries worldwide were China ($594M), the Netherlands ($395M) and Argentina ($294M), together accounting for 46% of global exports. These countries were followed by Belgium, Italy, South Africa, the U.S., Chile, Portugal, Spain, Turkey and Belarus, which together accounted for a further 43%.

Among the main exporting countries, Turkey recorded the highest growth rate of the value of exports, over the period under review, while exports for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

The average pears and quinces export price stood at $1,003 per tonne in 2018, picking up by 3.9% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the pears and quinces export price continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2013 an increase of 16% y-o-y. In that year, the average export prices for pears and quinces attained their peak level of $1,146 per tonne. From 2014 to 2018, the growth in terms of the average export prices for pears and quinces failed to regain its momentum.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Italy ($1,298 per tonne), while Belarus ($291 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2009 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by China, while the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

plaster
Archives, Global Trade Daily, News

Germany’s Gypsum Plaster Production Grew for the Fifth Consecutive Year in 2018

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘Germany – Gypsum Plasters – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends And Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

The revenue of the plaster market in Germany amounted to $208M in 2018, increasing by 3.8% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price).

The market value increased at an average annual rate of +1.2% over the period from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being recorded over the period under review. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2008 with an increase of 21% y-o-y. Plaster consumption peaked at $239M in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2018, consumption stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Market Forecast to 2030

Driven by increasing demand for plaster in Germany, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to decelerate, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.8% for the period from 2018 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 2.5M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in Germany

Plaster production in Germany amounted to 3.3M tonnes in 2018, levelling off at the previous year. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.5% over the period from 2007 to 2018; the trend pattern remained consistent, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations being observed in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2008 with an increase of 11% against the previous year. Over the period under review, plaster production attained its maximum volume in 2018 and is likely to see steady growth in the near future.

In value terms, plaster production stood at $326M in 2018 estimated in export prices. In general, plaster production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Exports from Germany

In 2018, the amount of plaster exported from Germany totaled 1.4M tonnes, falling by -4.1% against the previous year. Over the period under review, plaster exports attained their maximum at 1.4M tonnes in 2012; however, from 2013 to 2018, exports remained at a lower figure.

In value terms, plaster exports totaled $100M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

The UK (308K tonnes), Belgium (259K tonnes) and the Netherlands (155K tonnes) were the main destinations of plaster exports from Germany, with a combined 13% share of total exports.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of exports, amongst the main countries of destination, was attained by the UK, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest markets for plaster exported from Germany were Switzerland ($16M), Belgium ($14M) and the UK ($13M), with a combined 7.1% share of total exports.

The UK recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of exports, in terms of the main countries of destination over the period under review, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

In 2018, the average plaster export price amounted to $74 per tonne, jumping by 6.7% against the previous year. Overall, the plaster export price, however, continues to indicate a mild descent. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2013 an increase of 29% y-o-y. Over the period under review, the average export prices for plaster reached their peak figure at $107 per tonne in 2009; however, from 2010 to 2018, export prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Switzerland ($130 per tonne), while the average price for exports to the UK ($43 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was recorded for supplies to Belgium, while the prices for the other major destinations experienced mixed trend patterns.

Imports into Germany

In 2018, the amount of plaster imported into Germany totaled 112K tonnes, growing by 14% against the previous year. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.6% over the period from 2007 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 when imports increased by 34% y-o-y. Imports peaked in 2018 and are expected to retain its growth in the immediate term.

In value terms, plaster imports amounted to $10M (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Imports by Country

Austria (45K tonnes), Belgium (36K tonnes) and France (14K tonnes) were the main suppliers of plaster imports to Germany, with a combined 2.4% share of total imports. The U.S., the Netherlands, the UK and Poland lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 0.3%.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of imports, amongst the main suppliers, was attained by the U.S., while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, France ($3.8M) constituted the largest supplier of plaster to Germany, comprising 0.7% of total plaster imports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Austria ($1.6M), with a 0.3% share of total imports. It was followed by Belgium, with a 0.3% share.

From 2007 to 2018, the average annual growth rate of value from France amounted to +4.5%. The remaining supplying countries recorded the following average annual rates of imports growth: Austria (-0.6% per year) and Belgium (+1.6% per year).

Import Prices by Country

The average plaster import price stood at $91 per tonne in 2018, declining by -13.2% against the previous year. In general, the plaster import price continues to indicate a mild shrinkage. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2008 when the average import price increased by 31% year-to-year. In that year, the average import prices for plaster attained their peak level of $136 per tonne. From 2009 to 2018, the growth in terms of the average import prices for plaster remained at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major supplying countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was France ($267 per tonne), while the price for Austria ($36 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the Netherlands, while the prices for the other major suppliers experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

production
Archives, Global Trade Daily, Stories, Trade Cycle

The Countries Leading the Way in the Future of Production

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The First Industrial Revolution dates back to the 18th century, with the manufacturing and production process evolving significantly to improve efficiency. Since then, the world has gone through a series of changes with the present-day seeing us in full swing of the world’s Fourth Industrial Revolution. 

Using data from the World Economic Forum’s ‘Readiness for the Future of Production’ report, RS Components have taken a look at the countries that are leading the way when it comes to driving production forward. The six main drivers are ‘Technology & Innovation’, ‘Human Capital’, ‘Global Trade & Investment’, ‘Institutional Framework’, ‘Sustainable Resources’, and ‘Demand Environment’. See how each country compares when it comes to being ready to produce more products, technologies, and goods here.

The 21st century is a truly digital age, with technology now intertwined and cemented into both our personal and professional lives. Over the last two decades, in particular, technology has become increasingly advanced and has seen the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Complicated and impressive technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing, genetic engineering, and quantum computing have all emerged and are being used across the globe in a variety of industries, businesses and processes.

As a result of the new technological age, the speed, efficiency, and accuracy of production levels have improved astronomically, with less room for human error as machinery takes over, making production levels much faster and hassle-free.  

With the rise of these advancements, it is important for countries and businesses across all industries to be tapping into these changes to keep up with the future of production. But which countries are leading the way?

RS Components have produced a graphic analyzing data from the World Economic Forum’s Readiness for the Future of Production report, to reveal the countries leading the way when it comes to driving production forward. With each country analyzed by a series of metrics including global trade and investment, institutional framework, sustainable resources, demand environment, and emerging technologies, the top 10 countries leading production levels forward have been scored out of 10.

The top 10 countries driving the future of production include:

The US takes the crown as the leading country in the world driving the future of production forward. Scoring at the top of the leaderboard across all metrics excluding Sustainable Resources and Institutional Framework, the US holds an overall score of 8.16 out of 10. The US is renowned for its innovation and holds an advanced, connected and secure technological platform that allows production to drive forward in the most efficient way possible.

Singapore ranks as the second country driving the future of production and the UK sits at fourth place with a score of 7.84. Singapore sits as one of the world’s leading chemical manufacturing sites, with over 100 global petroleum, petrochemical and specialty chemical companies situated on 12 square miles of land. Singapore today sits as the world’s fifth-largest refinery export hub and amongst the top 10 global chemical hubs by export volume. Involved in these systems includes advancements in manufacturing from robots, to predictive analytics and artificial intelligence. Singapore, like the US, is a key driver in testing, experimenting and trialing the latest technologies. In addition, manufacturing continues to contribute around 20% to Singapore’s GDP.

The importance of having the right technological foundations 

In order for production levels to thrive, it is crucial that technological foundations are cemented in supply chains across the globe. For example, in a warehouse, the speed and availability of the internet is crucial when the Internet of Things is being adopted on the factory floor. In addition, it is also greatly important for businesses and industries to have strong, connected cybersecurity systems to ensure digital security is maintained to a high standard. Having the technological foundations of this, like the US, allows the nation to drive forward technologies to increase production levels.

In addition, in order to ensure these new innovations are implemented effectively, it is crucial that employees have a good understanding of the technology they are interacting with on a daily basis, as the skills required of workers will evolve with the new advancements.

Combined, industries and countries will be able to adapt rapidly emerging technologies into their production lives, which will have a global impact on both businesses and consumers across the world.