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Going Green: The Effects of LEZs across European Cities

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Going Green: The Effects of LEZs across European Cities

DFS explores the impact o Low Emission Zones (LEZ) on the fueling topography of the continent in years to come.

Read also: Lessons For Ports: How To Seek $3 Billion In U.S. Grants For Zero-Emission Moves

Signs bearing the latest Low Emission Zone (LEZ) guidelines have become a familiar sight in European urban areas, with 320 LEZs now in play across the continent and 500 expected by 2025.

The system has been praised for improving air quality in cities, while reducing overall road traffic and boosting the local economies in which they operate.

According to the latest statistics, Italy is blazing a trail with 172 LEZs across the country, followed by Germany with 78. Most other countries meanwhile remain in their infancy with each boasting fewer than 20.

But is this set to change in future?

Fueling company, Dover Fueling Solutions (DFS), explore their impact and explain how Low Emission Zones (LEZ) may change the fueling topography of the continent in years to come.

Why are Low Emission Zones important?

The Clean Cities Report in 2022 cited the twin challenges of toxic air pollution and climate change as reasons for implementing LEZs.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is the biggest environmental risk to health, causing 300,000 premature deaths per year in the EU alone.

Starkly, EU air quality limits are reportedly being breached in over 100 cities across the continent. This places those living in urban areas at significant risk, meaning it is imperative that anti-pollution measures are taken.

Burning fossil fuels is the main cause of air pollution which includes emissions from factories, power plans and vehicles. Agriculture and its accompanying bi-products, methane and ammonia, are another leading cause while volcanoes, dust, pollen and wild fires are more natural contributors.

This not only pertains to physical health. The mental health benefits have also been corroborated.

Research demonstrates that small increases in air pollution are linked to rises in depression and anxiety amongst the urban populace. Cleaner air also means an improvement in intelligence and a lower risk of dementia too.

Looking ahead, expect to see LEZs supplanted by Zero Emission Zones. These have been trialled in European cities including Milan, Paris, Brussels, Madrid and Warsaw, with much success.

What are the recorded effects of LEZs across Europe?

This is all well and good in principle, but do LEZs bring positive effects in practice?

Well, the Clean Cities Campaign points to an average reduction in nitrogen dioxide emissions of around 20% across all LEZ areas. Further results were as follows:

London – 40%

Brussels – 33%

Paris – 24%

Lisbon – 22% 

London’s (ultra) LEZ makes for an interesting case study. A study from Bath University established that less nitrogen dioxide pollution contributed to a 4.5% reduction in long-term health problems, in addition to an 8% drop in respiratory illness.

The healthcare cost savings in dealing with this are estimated at £963 million in the Greater London area alone. Experts also predict that London’s ULEZ has helped reduce anxiety by 6%. This can be explained by the positive neurological impacts of cleaner air added to the enhanced conditions for physical exercise.

In the light-duty vehicle arena, Rotterdam’s LEZ has reduced the number of severely polluting cars by half, with an accompanying 20-30% reduction in soot.

The benefits of LEZ schemes extend beyond cleaner air too. This includes more stable traffic flows with little recorded negative business impacts. 

How is LEZ affecting clean fuel adoption?

It could also be said that LEZ are changing the face of refueling across the continent.

In the European Commission’s 2050 long-term strategy, alternative fuel sources such as electricity, Hydrogen, LNG / CNG and biofuels were outlined as cleaner alternatives to traditional liquid fuels within the transport sector.

Because these power sources avoid the use of diesel and gasoline, they can in turn, help to reduce air pollution, particularly in urban areas with a higher volume of traffic.

As a result, electric vehicle (EV) adoption, and therefore EV charging infrastructure, has been concentrated around cities – particularly those with an LEZ in place. For example, areas with an LEZ (or a planned LEZ) in operation, reached remarkably higher levels of EV penetration than their national averages.

89% of new vehicle registrations in Oslo, for instance, were Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), followed by Amsterdam (31%), London (22%) and Paris (20%).

Across other alternative fuels, there is a correlation too. While liquified natural gas (LNG) refueling stations tend to lie outside the bandwidth of LEZ boundaries, there’s a notably higher concentration of LNG stations within countries that have implemented LEZ and ULEZ.

This certainly shows that LEZs are having a positive impact on clean fuel adoption.

Whether this means that traditional city centre refueling stations will become a thing of the past remains up for debate, especially with the sale of ICE vehicles still permitted – in some countries – beyond 2030. One possibility, however, is that given the rise of LEZs, petrol and diesel stations may be pushed further and further out of the city and along motorway infrastructure.

Conclusion

The growth of LEZ and ULEZ across the continent has been a defining feature of recent years and looks set to continue in future.

This has brought some impressive benefits from cleaner air to better physical and mental health and reduced congestion.

There certainly appears to be a positive correlation between these zones and cleaner transport adoption, with motorists looking to combat daily charges and embrace more sustainable driving practices.

This may mean that those in more urban and metropolitan areas transition quicker than those in more rural areas, but the long-term effects remain to be seen.

 

green

LEADERS BY EXAMPLE: 10 INDUSTRY EXECUTIVES USHERING IN THE GREEN REVOLUTION

A Nielsen survey found that 81 percent of global consumers feel companies should help improve the environment. “Business strategies must include sustainability in their core beliefs and practices,” says Hitendra Chaturvedi, a professor at the Supply Chain Department of W.P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University and an expert on global supply chain sustainability and strategy.

Fortunately, there are forward-looking leaders like the executives who follow that prove you can go green and succeed in business.

Simon Paris – CEO, Finastra; Chairman, World Trade Board

As the chief executive of one of the world’s largest fintech companies, while also chairing the World Trade Board, Simon Paris is in a unique position to talk about protecting the global trade system. Heading into the 2020 World Trade Symposium in his company’s hometown of London, Paris wrote about countering today’s protectionist narrative with “our reinforcement of the pro-trade narrative,” and he also called for ideas to reduce the small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SME) funding gap, currently estimated at $1.5 trillion. But he ended with a plea to “examine how open technology can act as the enabler for inclusive, sustainable trade.

As global supply chains become increasingly complex, our goal should not be measured on a binary figure of turnover or profit, but on the ethical and sustainable impact of our technological innovation; our technological social responsibility. How can we use technology, collectively, to ascertain the provenance of materials, improve the health and wellbeing of workers in remote locations, reduce the cause and effects on environment pollution of long-distance transportation or minimize the impact of waste and disposal? How can we use open finance technologies–and by this, I include open systems, open software, open APIs, open standards and open partner networks–to transform supply chains and encourage the formulation of more relevant and inclusive trade models, in support of ethical trade?”

Detlef Trefzger – CEO, Kuehne + Nagel International AG

This year, all less-than-container-load (LCL) shipments by Kuehne + Nagel began being CO2 neutral, which is part of the Swiss global logistics and transportation company’s goal of being totally CO2 neutral by 2030. “As one of the leading logistics companies worldwide, we acknowledge the responsibility we have for the environment, for our ecosystem and essentially for the people,” explains K+N CEO Detlef Trefzger, who along with his company supports the aim of the Paris agreement on climate. To that end, the company has also begun carbon-swapping nature projects in Myanmar, New Zealand and elsewhere.

Ongoing training programs maintain and expand the environmental awareness of employees, who have increasingly relied on video conferencing over business trips. In December, K+N announced its accession to the Development and Climate Alliance, which was launched in 2018 to simultaneously promote the development and environmental protection. “As a globally operating company, we are convinced that the private sector must also make its contribution to environmental protection,” says Otto Schacht, a member of K+N’s management board responsible for Seafreight.

Uwe Brinks – CEO, DHL Freight

DHL is a leader in piloting alternative drivetrains and fuels for its vehicles, which fits into the San Francisco-born, Germany-based global logistics giant’s target to reduce all its transportation emissions to zero by 2050. “Our sustainability goal is not just a vision, but a clear statement,” says Uwe Brinks, CEO of DHL Freight. “In the future, we will give preference to transportation solutions that contribute to achieving our environmental goals.”

To that end, DHL launched “Terminal for the Future,” which tests and implements solutions and technologies such as automated volume measurement, intelligent yard management, and partially autonomous transfer vehicles. “All these developments are based on a clear approach: We want to make life easier and more efficient for our customers and employees,” Brinks says. “Technology should support our employees in their everyday work, not replace them.” Globally, DHL has changed vehicles in certain delivery fleets to use alternative fuels, including electricity and compressed natural gas, to meet the goals of its GoGreen project to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and local air pollutants by 2025.

David Abney – CEO, UPS

 As leader of one of the largest logistics companies in the world, UPS CEO David Abney sums up sustainability success best when he says: “The greenest mile we ever drive is the one we don’t drive.” Better route-planning software and developments have been key to the UPS green transport system—as well as its bottom line: The company claims to have saved $400 million since overhauling the routing system.

But UPS has not stopped there, having switched out dozens of diesel trucks, which get about 10 miles per gallon, for electric vehicles that can squeeze out the equivalent of 52 MPG. Abney and UPS recognize they are an important part of the global supply chain and that their customers expect solutions that help reduce emissions. To that end, UPS has dedicated itself to building the smart logistics network of the future.

Ben McLean- CEO, Ruan

When Des Moines, Iowa-based Ruan was announced in October as a 2019 SmartWay Excellence Award recipient from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, CEO Ben McLean would have been forgiven if he’d reacted by saying, “Meh.” After all, this is the fourth time the green 3PL provider has received the EPA’s highest recognition for demonstrated leadership in freight, supply chain, energy and environmental performance. Of course, McLean—like everyone else at Ruan—was honored to again receive the honor. “This distinction from the EPA validates all the efforts and investments we have made to ensure we are operating as sustainably and environmentally friendly as possible,” said James Cade, vice president, Fleet Services. “To us, sustainability is more than a business practice—it’s our moral commitment. We live in the communities we serve, and it is our responsibility to provide leadership toward a cleaner future.”

Recognition is understandable given that Ruan is one of only three for-hire transportation companies selected for the National Clean Fleets Partnership membership and participation in its annual Clean Cities study. The company’s fleet has green specifications including auxiliary power units that reduce engine idle time, efficient progressive shifting, auto-inflation trailer tire systems, and onboard recorders that monitor MPG, over-RPM, idle time, hard breaking and over-speed driving. Ruan also utilizes alternative fuel types including biodiesel, compressed natural gas, renewable natural gas and renewable hydrocarbon diesel. McLean, part of the third generation of the Ruan family, was out in front of his office to check out a prototype electric truck from Tesla, which has five orders from the company.

Simon Cox – Head of Sustainability, Prologis

At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in January, San Francisco-based global logistics real estate firm Prologis was revealed to be No. 6 in the U.S. and No. 26 overall on the 2020 Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World List. Those that make the list represent the top 1 percent in the world on sustainability performance, according to the Global 100 administrator, Toronto-based Corporate Knights. Prologis leases modern logistics facilities to about 5,100 customers principally across two major categories: business-to-business and retail/online fulfillment. It was among 7,395 companies worldwide that Corporate Knights analyzed.

“Sustainability has moved beyond simply a commercial advantage; it is now essential—business-critical,” Simon Cox, Prologis’ head of Sustainability, recently told Eye for Transport (EFT) by Reuters Events. “… We build warehouses that are ready for the next generation, who want to work for companies that do the right thing. Globally, we are seeing a move towards purpose-based products. It’s no longer enough to simply make something that cleans the kitchen, for example, it’s got to have a broader purpose. It’s got to be environmentally responsible. It’s the same for us as a business that develops and owns sustainable buildings.”

JJ Ruest – President and CEO, CN (Canadian National Railway)

Landing a spot for the first time on the 2020 Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World List is CN, at No. 54. That recognition comes exactly 12 months after the Canadian National Railway marked its 10th straight year as a global leader on corporate climate action on the CDP Climate Change A list. Produced at the request of 650 investors with assets of over $87 trillion and/or 115 major purchasing organizations with $3.3 trillion in purchasing power, the A list is culled from thousands of companies that submit annual climate disclosures for independent assessments from CDP, an international nonprofit that seeks public and private sector reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as well as the safeguarding of forests and water resources.

CN transports more than $250 billion (Canadian) worth of goods annually for a wide range of business sectors, ranging from resource products to manufactured products to consumer goods, across a rail network of approximately 20,000 route-miles spanning Canada and U.S. cities such as New Orleans, and Mobile, Alabama as well as the Chicago, Memphis, Detroit, Duluth, Minnesota/Superior, Wisconsin and Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan areas. “Our commitment is to help our customers deliver responsibly by providing a safe, efficient and environmentally friendly way to move goods,” says CN President and CEO JJ Ruest. “To that effect, we have improved our fuel efficiency by 39 percent over the past 25 years.”

Kai Nowosel – Chief Procurement Officer, Accenture

Also landing on the 2020 Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World List (at No. 20, up from No. 93 the year before), as well as making the CDP Climate Change A list is Accenture PLC, an Irish multinational that provides strategy, consulting, digital, technology and operations services. From offices around the world—including 10 U.S. cities from Boston in the east to Irvine, California, in the west, and Seattle in the north to Houston in the south—Accenture uses “purchasing power to drive positive change on a global scale, creating more sustainable supply chains,” according to Chief Procurement Officer Kai Nowosel. “It also allows us to advance our key priorities, including environmental action, respect for human rights, inclusion, diversity and social innovation.”

Accenture has committed to using 100 percent renewable energy across its global portfolio by 2023. “We will be encouraging similar ambition from our value chain, and ideally reporting progress through established platforms such as CDP supply chain,” Nowosel says. “… We will actively seek partnerships and suppliers that are even more closely aligned to our corporate values so that, together, we will improve the way the world works and lives.”

Alexander Saverys – CEO, CMB (Compagnie Maritime Belge)

CMB’s bold CO2 pledge is “Net Zero as from 2020–ZERO in 2050.” The strategy involves having all carbon emissions from CMB operations completely offset (or net-zero) from this year, while the investment in new technologies will create a completely zero-carbon fleet by 2050. CMB started by supporting certified climate projects in developing countries and acquiring high-quality Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) in Zambia, Guatemala, and India. Back at CMB’s home base, the Port of Antwerp in Belgium, the company’s “Hydroville,” the world’s first sea-faring vessel to burn hydrogen in a diesel engine, shuttles up to 16 passengers while producing zero pollution. That won the company the second-ever Sustainability Award from Antwerp Port Authority, Alfaport-Voka and the Scheldt Left Bank Corp. in November 2018.

CMB is now hard at work on “HydroTug,” a tugboat that will hit the water later this year or next using the same hybrid hydrogen/diesel technology as Hydroville. Hybrid barges would soon follow, and the company hopes to launch the world’s first hydrogen-powered container ships in the next decade. “Green hydrogen-based fuels are the only zero-emission solution in the long run,” according to CMB CEO Alexander Saverys. “… We are convinced of the potential of hydrogen as the key to sustainable shipping and making the energy transition of a reality.”

Thibaut de Lataillade – Global Vice President and General Manager, GetApp

Founded in 2010, the Barcelona, Spain-based Gartner company GetApp is an online resource for software buyers to compare products side-by-side with free interactive tools, detailed product data and user reviews. GetApp also serves as an online lead generation channel for SaaS. And the company also provides customers with sustainability advice. “Our main focus is on helping businesses become more efficient through technology and software,” says Thibaut de Lataillade, GetApp’s global vice president and general manager. “As consumers become more conscious of sustainability, businesses must adapt their supply chain processes. This means mapping their supply chain, setting goals and measuring supplier performance when it comes to sustainability. Using the right software to analyze and leverage data captured through this process will help business leaders make the right decisions and ensure sustainability in the future.”

GetApp doesn’t stop there. “We’ve also tried to highlight the many other benefits that come from becoming a socially responsible business. For instance, corporate social responsibility (CSR) can also lead to improved brand awareness and improved customer trust, loyalty and engagement,” de Lataillade says. “As a digital business, we have a duty to spread the message when it comes to creating a social impact strategy, and doing so for the right reasons.”

toyota

BYD & Toyota Collaborate for Electric Vehicles

Build Your Dreams (BYD) and Toyota released information this week confirming next steps behind a joint company that would ultimately support battery electric vehicle research and the creation of BEVs and related parts.

The R&D company will comprise of transferred engineers and total needed capital will be shared 50/50 among the two companies. Build Your Dreams and Toyota both have notable accomplishments in supporting an eco-friendly atmosphere, including Toyota’s Prius – the first mass-produced hybrid electric vehicle, and BYD’s manufacturing of energy storage cells and electric vehicles. BYD is responsible for the first mass production of plug-in hybrid electrified vehicles and boasts four consecutive years of first-place sales rankings for its BEVs and PHEVs.

“We aim to combine BYD’s strengths in development and competitiveness in the battery electric vehicle market with Toyota’s quality and safety technology to provide the best BEV products for the market demand and consumer affection as early as we can,” stated BYD senior vice president Lian Yu-bo.

Additional information released confirmed the joint R&D company’s headquarters will be in China beginning in 2020 and ultimately support further efforts for Toyota’s vision of global electrification.

“With the same goal to further promote the widespread use of electrified vehicles, we appreciate that BYD and Toyota can become “teammates,” able to put aside our rivalry and collaborate. We hope to further advance and expand both BYD and Toyota from the efforts of the new company with BYD,” concluded Toyota executive vice president Shigeki Terashi.