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The Pandemic Hampers the Growth of the Global Concentrated Lemon Juice Market

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The Pandemic Hampers the Growth of the Global Concentrated Lemon Juice Market

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘World – Concentrated Lemon And Other Citrus Fruit Juice – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

Only a Slight Growth of the Global Concentrated Lemon Juice Market is Expected, As The Pandemic Hit Major Importing Countries

The value of the global concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice (excl. orange and grapefruit juice) market stood at approx. $647M in 2019, declining by -6.0% against the previous year. This figure reflects the total revenues of producers and importers (excluding logistics costs, retail marketing costs, and retailers’ margins, which will be included in the final consumer price).

In physical terms, global concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice consumption also declined slightly the last year, amounting to 258K tonnes in 2019. From 2015-2018, the market increased steadily, but in 2019 the growth lost its momentum due to a slight decrease in the lemon harvest in Argentina, which remains the largest lemon juice producing country.

The countries with the highest volumes of consumption of concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice in 2019 were the U.S. (31K tonnes), Argentina (16K tonnes) and Japan (15K tonnes), with a combined 24% share of global consumption (IndexBox estimates). These countries were followed by Canada, Spain, Germany, China, India, Peru, France, Brazil and Mexico, which together accounted for a further 38%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of consumption of concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice, amongst the key consuming countries, was attained by Spain, while consumption of concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice for the other global leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice markets worldwide were the U.S. ($79M), Japan ($56M) and Argentina ($47M), with a combined 28% share of the global market. These countries were followed by Germany, Spain, China, Canada, France, Brazil, India, Mexico and Peru, which together accounted for a further 37%.

The countries with the highest levels of concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice per capita consumption in 2019 were Canada (371 kg per 1000 persons), Argentina (354 kg per 1000 persons) and Peru (298 kg per 1000 persons).

Concentrated lemon juice is a well-known product in South America and in Southern Europe, as well as, being imported, in the U.S., Canada, and across Western Europe. By contrast, in Southern and South-Eastern Asia, the market is relatively underdeveloped; however, China emerges as the fastest-growing lemon juice importer – rapid urbanization and the rising popularity of the western-style cuisine drive the use of lemon juice here.

Apart from the other types of juices which are largely consumed as a beverage, concentrated lemon juice is used as an ingredient in various recipes in baking, grilling, and as an ingredient in marinades and salad dressings, in cocktails, hot tea, lemonade, and hot lemonade. It also may have some non-food applications like home deodorization and cleaning. Therefore, population growth remains a fundamental market driver, combined with increases in disposable income, which in turn will contribute to enhanced consumer spending.

The major downside risk for market growth comes from the possible contraction of incomes due to the COVID pandemic. In the context of falling incomes, consumers primarily tend to exclude non-staple goods from purchases, which include concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice.

Concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice is a widely traded commodity, with the share of exports in total global output increased from near 72% in 2007 to about 86% in 2019 (IndexBox estimates). This is conditioned by the rising demand for tropical and citrus fruit juices in those countries that don’t grow many lemons like the U.S., Europe, and Canada, on the one hand, and Argentina’s (together with some other countries) specialization in lemons, on the other hand.

The largest concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice importing markets worldwide were the U.S. ($102M), the Netherlands ($87M), and Japan ($63M), with a combined 40% share of global imports. Germany, France, Spain, Canada, Italy, the UK, China, Israel, and Belgium lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 37%. The hit of the pandemic in the U.S. and Europe was severe, which leads to a dramatic drop in terms of GDP and consumer spending. This is to affect the consumption of concentrated lemon juice which is largely supplied by imports.

In Latin America, the impact of the crisis on domestic demand should be less significant because concentrated lemon and other citrus fruits and concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit juice are available locally. However, the concentrated lemon and other citrus fruit industry in large producing countries (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico) are largely export-oriented, therefore, the decrease in demand in Western countries can damage local producers and cause further disruption of supply chains.

Accordingly, the market is expected to decrease somewhat in 2020 and then to start recovering gradually. Over the next decade, the market is expected to grow modestly, with an anticipated CAGR of +0.3% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 265K tonnes by the end of 2030.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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Preparing to Cross Brexit’s Finish Line

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For many, the onset of Brexit’s transitional period, which began on February 1, 2020, probably seems like an eternity ago, particularly considering the global pandemic that has consumed world affairs since that time.

But while the outcome of the transitional period may no longer be top of mind, its final stages are rapidly approaching, and businesses engaged in trade with the UK, the EU or both will need to begin preparing for changes that will take place as early as January 1, 2021. The governments of the UK and EU have now publicized clear guidance on what will be required with the official splitting of ties between the two entities – guidance that will determine how enterprises will trade, and what processes they will be required to follow in a post-Brexit landscape.

In February 2020, the UK’s government said it would implement full border controls on imports coming into Great Britain from the European Union. This statement has now been eased with the UK taking the decision to introduce the new border controls in three stages ending July 1, 2021. Downing Street has also published the “Border Operating Model,” which provides visibility and instruction to traders.

The details of these three stages of border controls for imports are as follows:

IMPORTS

1st January 2021

-Importers of non-controlled goods will need to prepare for basic customs requirements, such as keeping sufficient records of imported goods and completing customs declarations within six months of the date of import.

-Importers of controlled goods, however, will need to prepare for full customs declarations at the point of importation.

-There will be physical checks by the authorities at the point of U.K. destination (or other approved premises) on all high-risk live animals and plants where there is a biosecurity risk.

1st April 2021

-All Products of Animal Origin (POAO) will require pre-notification to British customs authorities along with the requisite health documentation. This includes meat, pet food, honey, milk or egg products.

-Physical checks will continue to be conducted at point of U.K. destination until July 1st

-All regulated plants and plant products require pre-notification to British customs authorities along with the requisite health documentation. A full listing of products will be published by the authorities prior to implementation.

-High-risk food and feed, which is not of animal origin will also require import pre-notifications to British Customs Authorities in advance of the goods’ arrival.

-For any high-risk food and feed, which is not of animal origin, importers will need to submit pre-notifications via the Import of Products, Animals, Food and Feed System (IPAFFS)

1st July 2021

-Importers moving goods will have to make pre-lodged notice to HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), complete full declarations and pay tariffs at the point of importation directly or via their nominated representatives.

-The pre-lodged model requires all goods coming into Great Britain to have been declared to HM Revenue & Customs prior to export, the carrier normally undertakes this declaration on behalf of traders. Pre-lodgement allows HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) to complete risk-assessments and clear many imports and transit movements prior to their arrival in the UK.

-To support the pre-lodgement requirement of HMRC the UK Government will also be implementing the Goods Vehicle Movement System (GVMS). The GVMS system is an IT platform that will support pre-lodgement. This will enable the linking of goods, customs brokers and customs through a referencing system, allowing the shipment to be customs cleared enroute to the UK or providing notification of a customs inspection upon arrival.

-Full Safety and Security declarations are required.

-For Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) commodities, there will be an increase in physical checks that will now take place at Great Britain Border Control Posts.

EXPORTS

Any exports from Great Britain after January 1, 2021 to European Union destinations will be treated as third-country exports and, as such, full export customs processes and declarations will be required by HM Revenue and Customs.  This includes a full Safety and Security declaration prior to exit from the UK and an export entry declaration.

When declaring goods for export, an organization will require the following:

-An Economic Operator Registration and Identification Number (also known as an EORI number), which is a unique ID code used to track and register customs information.

-Commodity Code for the goods

-Correct Customs Procedure Code (CPC)

-If required, an Advanced Customs Ruling on the commodity code or country of origin.

-License validation and application as required.

-All paperwork (including any licenses) to be submitted to customs, usually via an intermediary, such as a customs broker.

If export customs formalities are to be completed by the organization rather than an intermediary, the following steps must additionally be implemented:

-Setup the organization for making customs declarations:

–Register for National Export System (NES)

–Apply for CHIEF badges from HMRC

–If applicable, register to export plants or controlled goods

-Complete internal training in the completion of export declarations and record-keeping requirements

-Submit all export declarations through NES

Understanding these requirements and preparing for them in advance will allow exporters to the UK — and those trans-shipping goods to the EU via the UK to avoid border delays and/or penalties for incomplete or inaccurate customs documentation.

__________________________________________________________________

Paul Woodward is a Senior Consultant in the Global Trade Consulting division of trade services firm Livingston International. He can be reached at PWoodward@livingstonintl.com.

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European Pork Production is Supported by Strong Demand from China

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Pork (Meat Of Swine) – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

Despite the decline in pork consumption in the EU and the UK, domestic producers may receive support due to growing demand from China.

The European Union and the UK together are the largest pork supplier to the global market, and the second-largest consumer in the world, only China is ahead. On the contrary, producers in China are facing serious problems due to the forced reduction in animal numbers in the wake of the African swine fever epidemic.

According to FAO forecasts, pork production in China may fall to 34 million tonnes in 2020, which is almost 17 percent lower than in 2018. The shortage of products in the local market is offset by growing supplies, mainly from Europe and Latin America, in particular Brazil. The United States, the world’s second-largest pork exporter, is losing the Chinese market as a result of a protracted trade war with Beijing, which imposed a 72 percent tariff on US pork in 2019.

In 2020, Europeans can enjoy not only an increase in supplies to China but also rising world prices for pork. This is especially important when the borders for export to Russia are closed due to mutual sanctions. After four years, this market can be considered lost for the Europeans due to the rapidly growing production of Russian farmers.

Pork Production in the EU and the UK

In 2019, pork production in the European Union reached 24M tonnes and is likely to see steady growth in years to come. The countries with the highest volumes of pork production in 2019 were Germany (5.4M tonnes), Spain (4.6M tonnes), and France (2.2M tonnes), with a combined 53% share of total production.

From 2009 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Spain, while pork production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Producing Animals

In 2019, approx. 245M heads of animals slaughtered for pork production in the European Union; a decrease of 2% on 2018 figures. Overall, the number of producing animals continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2015 when the number of producing animals increased by 2% year-to-year.

Yield

In 2019, the average yield of pork in the European Union amounted to 93 kg per head, approximately mirroring the year before. Over the period under review, the yield continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 with an increase of 1.8% year-to-year. The level of yield peaked in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in the immediate term.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of pork consumption in 2019 were Germany (4.5M tonnes), Spain (3M tonnes), and Poland (2.4M tonnes), with a combined 47% share of total consumption.

From 2009 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Spain, while pork consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($12.5B), Spain ($8.9B), and Italy ($5.5B) were the countries with the highest levels of market value in 2019, together comprising 50% of the total market.

The countries with the highest levels of pork per capita consumption in 2019 were Denmark (115 kg per person), Spain (65 kg per person) and Poland (62 kg per person).

Exports in the EU and the UK

In value terms, pork exports rose markedly to $20.7B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. The total export value increased at an average annual rate of +2.5% from 2009 to 2019. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2011 with an increase of 19% y-o-y. Over the period under review, exports reached the peak figure at $21.2B in 2013; however, from 2014 to 2019, exports failed to regain the momentum despite the recent increase in shipments to China.

Exports by Country

Germany (1.8M tonnes) and Spain (1.7M tonnes) were the main exporters of pork in 2019, recording near 23% and 22% of total exports, respectively. Denmark (958K tonnes) ranks next in terms of the total exports with a 12% share, followed by the Netherlands (12%), Belgium (8.5%) and Poland (5.7%). France (351K tonnes) occupied a little share of total exports.

From 2009 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Poland, while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Spain ($5.1B), Germany ($5B) and Denmark ($2.7B) were the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2019, together accounting for 62% of total exports. These countries were followed by the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland and France, which together accounted for a further 27%.

In terms of the main exporting countries, Poland saw the highest growth rate of the value of exports, over the period under review, while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

The pork export price in the European Union stood at $2,641 per tonne in 2019, picking up by 9.2% against the previous year.

Average prices varied somewhat amongst the major exporting countries. In 2019, the countries with the highest prices were Spain ($2,978 per tonne) and Germany ($2,800 per tonne), while Poland ($2,146 per tonne) and Belgium ($2,186 per tonne) were amongst the lowest.

From 2009 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Spain, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

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USTR Announces Additional Duties on Cosmetics and Handbags from France, Delays Effective Date Until January 2021

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On July 10, 2020, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) announced that it would impose a 25 percent additional duty on certain cosmetics, soaps and cleansing products, and handbags that are products of France, valued at $1.3 billion, due to the French Digital Services Tax (DST). Nevertheless, USTR delayed the application of the duties for as long as 180 days, which means that at the earliest, the additional duties would go into effect January 6, 2020.  USTR stated that the tariffs could go into effect sooner than the 180-day suspension period, but if this change were to occur, USTR would issue a subsequent Federal Register Notice amending the effective date of implementation for the tariffs.

In July 2019, USTR opened an investigation directed at the Government of France under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, because of France’s new DST, which imposed a 3 percent revenue tax on companies providing certain online services directed at French customers. In December 2019, USTR found that the French DST was “unreasonable, discriminatory, and burdens U.S. commerce” and was expected to collect over $500 million in taxes for activities in 2021. USTR accepted comments from interested parties in early 2020 on a proposed list of goods targeted for additional tariffs, which included French cheeses, wines, cosmetics, and handbags. However, prior to the imposition of additional duties, the U.S. and French governments were able to negotiate a truce that temporarily delayed the implementation of the DST until December 2020 and obviated the need for USTR to take immediate action.

USTR has stated that this action concerning tariffs on certain French goods is not intended to escalate trade tensions with France but instead was necessitated by Section 304(a)(2)(B) of the Trade Act of 1974 requiring that USTR announce the action to be taken within 12 months of the initiation of the Section 301 investigation. The 180-day delay of the imposition of the tariffs is intended to provide USTR and France additional time to continue discussions, which could lead to a satisfactory resolution of the DST matter.

USTR has stated that it will continue to monitor the effect of the trade action and may modify the list of affected goods necessary to ensure resolution of the matter with the Government of France.

This action comes on the heels of USTR announcing a similar action into digital service taxes involving India, the European Union and several other countries. Over the last few years, various governments have enacted or considered taxes on revenues generated by digital services companies within the different jurisdictions. Proponents of DSTs argue that the tax corrects corporate taxation to cover previously untaxed or undertaxed revenues. Alternatively, the position of the Trump administration is that DSTs unfairly discriminate against “large, U.S.-based tech companies” such as Amazon and Google.

_______________________________________________________________

Robert Stang is a Washington, D.C.-based partner with the law firm Husch Blackwell LLP. He leads the firm’s Customs group.

Emily Lyons is an attorney in Husch Blackwell LLP’s Washington, D.C. office.

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Despite Ranking only Fifth in Terms of Market Size, the Netherlands Leads European Chicken Egg Exports

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Hen Eggs – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

In 2019, the EU chicken egg market decreased by -2.1% to $12.7B for the first time since 2016, thus ending a two-year rising trend. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2017 with an increase of 8.7% against the previous year. The level of consumption peaked at $15.8B in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, consumption failed to regain the momentum.

In physical terms, the volume of consumption amounted to 6.3M tonnes which remained relatively stable against the previous year; over the last decade, it increased gradually with some slight fluctuations in certain years.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of chicken egg consumption in 2019 were Germany (1.1M tonnes), France (881K tonnes) and Spain (761K tonnes), together accounting for 44% of total consumption. Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Hungary and Sweden lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 44%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of chicken egg consumption, amongst the key consuming countries, was attained by Belgium, while chicken egg consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest chicken egg markets in the European Union were Germany ($2.3B), France ($2B) and Spain ($1.4B), together comprising 45% of the total market. These countries were followed by Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Sweden, Romania, Austria, Portugal and Belgium, which together accounted for a further 40%.

The countries with the highest levels of chicken egg per capita consumption in 2019 were the Netherlands (31 kg per person), Austria (17 kg per person) and Spain (16 kg per person).

Market Forecast to 2030

Driven by increasing demand for chicken egg in the European Union, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.0% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 7M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the EU

Chicken egg production reached 6.4M tonnes in 2019, stabilizing at 2018 figures. Over the period under review, production, however, showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2013 when the production volume increased by 9.2% y-o-y. As a result, production reached the peak volume of 6.6M tonnes. From 2014 to 2019, production growth remained at a somewhat lower figure.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of chicken egg production in 2019 were Germany (852K tonnes), France (845K tonnes) and Spain (841K tonnes), with a combined 39% share of total production. Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Belgium, Portugal, Hungary, Austria and Sweden lagged somewhat behind, together comprising a further 48%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of chicken egg production, amongst the leading producing countries, was attained by Austria, while chicken egg production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Producing Animals in the EU

The total number of hens for egg production stood at 458M heads in 2019, approximately equating 2018 figures. Over the period under review, the number of producing animals continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2010 with an increase of 5.5% y-o-y. As a result, the number of producing animals attained the peak level of 461M heads. From 2011 to 2019, the growth of this number failed to regain the momentum.

Yield in the EU

The average chicken egg yield dropped slightly to 14 kg per head in 2019, approximately equating the year before. Over the period under review, the yield saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when the yield increased by 7.2% against the previous year. Over the period under review, the chicken egg yield reached the peak level at 15 kg per head in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, the yield failed to regain the momentum.

Exports in the EU

In 2019, the amount of chicken eggs exported in the European Union fell modestly to 1.1M tonnes, declining by -2% against the year before. Overall, exports saw a abrupt curtailment. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 with an increase of 2.4% year-to-year.

In value terms, chicken egg exports dropped modestly to $2.1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Over the period under review, exports saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2013 with an increase of 17% year-to-year. The level of export peaked at $2.3B in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2019, exports failed to regain the momentum.

Exports by Country

The Netherlands was the largest exporting country with an export of around 396K tonnes, which accounted for 34% of total exports. It was distantly followed by Poland (214K tonnes), Germany (130K tonnes), Spain (87K tonnes) and Belgium (85K tonnes), together mixing up a 45% share of total exports. France (34K tonnes), Latvia (22K tonnes), Italy (19K tonnes), Bulgaria (18K tonnes) and the Czech Republic (18K tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Spain, while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the Netherlands ($743M) remains the largest chicken egg supplier in the European Union, comprising 35% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Poland ($284M), with a 13% share of total exports. It was followed by Germany, with a 13% share.

In the Netherlands, chicken egg exports plunged by an average annual rate of -3.0% over the period from 2007-2019. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: Poland (+13.0% per year) and Germany (-1.6% per year).

Export Prices by Country

The chicken egg export price in the European Union stood at $1,845 per tonne in 2019, approximately mirroring the previous year. In general, the export price recorded strong growth. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2013 when the export price increased by 28% against the previous year. Over the period under review, export prices reached the maximum at $1,875 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2019, export prices stood at a somewhat lower figure.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2019, the country with the highest price was the Czech Republic ($2,582 per tonne), while Latvia ($1,259 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Belgium, while the other leaders experienced mixed trends in the export price figures.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

canned food
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The EU Canned Food Market Picks Up the Momentum

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Canned Food – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

After two years of decline, the EU canned food market increased by 3.6% to $7.7B in 2019. Over the period under review, consumption, however, continues to indicate a mild downturn. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2016 when the market value increased by 7.7% against the previous year. The level of consumption peaked at $8.9B in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of canned food consumption in 2019 were Germany (445K tonnes), France (380K tonnes) and the UK (357K tonnes), together accounting for 50% of total consumption. These countries were followed by Spain, Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands, which together accounted for a further 31%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of canned food consumption, amongst the leading consuming countries, was attained by Ireland, while canned food consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest canned food markets in the European Union were Germany ($1.5B), France ($1.3B) and Ireland ($1.2B), with a combined 52% share of the total market.

In 2019, the highest levels of canned food per capita consumption was registered in Ireland (40 kg per person), followed by the Netherlands (9.33 kg per person), France (5.78 kg per person) and Germany (5.43 kg per person), while the world average per capita consumption of canned food was estimated at 4.65 kg per person.

Market Forecast 2019-2030

Driven by rising demand for canned food in the European Union, the market is expected to start an upward consumption trend over the next decade. The performance of the market is forecast to increase slightly, with an anticipated CAGR of +0.2% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 2.4M tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the EU

After two years of decline, production of canned food increased by 2.9% to 3M tonnes in 2019. In general, production continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2016 when the production volume increased by 15% year-to-year. As a result, production reached the peak volume of 3M tonnes; afterwards, it flattened through to 2019.

In value terms, canned food production stood at $11.2B in 2019 estimated in export prices. Overall, production saw a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2016 when the production volume increased by 12% year-to-year. The level of production peaked in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in years to come.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of canned food production in 2019 were France (510K tonnes), Germany (462K tonnes) and Spain (382K tonnes), together comprising 46% of total production. These countries were followed by the Netherlands, Ireland, the UK, Poland and Italy, which together accounted for a further 41%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of canned food production, amongst the leading producing countries, was attained by Ireland, while canned food production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports in the EU

In 2019, exports of canned food in the European Union expanded to 1.6M tonnes, with an increase of 3.5% on the previous year’s figure. Total exports indicated a temperate expansion from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.8% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2019 figures, exports increased by +59.8% against 2010 indices. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2008 when exports increased by 16% y-o-y. The volume of export peaked in 2019 and is likely to see gradual growth in the near future.

In value terms, canned food exports rose to $9.1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Overall, exports posted a buoyant increase. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2008 with an increase of 28% year-to-year. Over the period under review, exports hit record highs in 2019 and are likely to continue growth in the immediate term.

Exports by Country

The biggest shipments were from the Netherlands (313K tonnes), France (228K tonnes), Spain (221K tonnes), Germany (165K tonnes), Ireland (150K tonnes) and Poland (137K tonnes), together amounting to 76% of total export. Italy (58K tonnes), Denmark (48K tonnes), Belgium (46K tonnes), the UK (36K tonnes) and Austria (28K tonnes) took a minor share of total exports.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of shipments, amongst the main exporting countries, was attained by Spain, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the Netherlands ($3.2B) remains the largest canned food supplier in the European Union, comprising 35% of total exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by France ($1.3B), with a 15% share of total exports. It was followed by Ireland, with a 11% share.

From 2007 to 2019, the average annual growth rate of value in the Netherlands stood at +15.4%. In the other countries, the average annual rates were as follows: France (+7.9% per year) and Ireland (+2.4% per year).

Export Prices by Country

The canned food export price in the European Union stood at $5,724 per tonne in 2019, remaining stable against the previous year. Over the last twelve years, it increased at an average annual rate of +3.1%. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2008 when the export price increased by 10% against the previous year. Over the period under review, export prices attained the maximum in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in the immediate term.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was the Netherlands ($10,124 per tonne), while Spain ($2,617 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the Netherlands, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

In 2019, approx. 1M tonnes of canned food were imported in the European Union; increasing by 6.2% in 2018. The total import volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.1% over the period from 2007 to 2019; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Over the period under review, imports attained the peak figure in 2019 and are expected to retain growth in years to come.

In value terms, canned food imports reached $3.5B (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. The total import value increased at an average annual rate of +3.7% over the period from 2007 to 2019; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years.

Imports by Country

The UK (151K tonnes), Germany (149K tonnes), the Netherlands (122K tonnes), France (98K tonnes), Italy (75K tonnes) and Belgium (75K tonnes) represented roughly 66% of total imports of canned food in 2019. The following importers – Spain (44K tonnes), Ireland (43K tonnes), Sweden (42K tonnes), Poland (39K tonnes), Austria (26K tonnes) and the Czech Republic (23K tonnes) – together made up 22% of total imports.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Germany, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest canned food importing markets in the European Union were Germany ($602M), the UK ($529M) and the Netherlands ($432M), with a combined 44% share of total imports.

Germany recorded the highest growth rate of the value of imports, among the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

In 2019, the canned food import price in the European Union amounted to $3,500 per tonne, which is down by -3.9% against the previous year. Overall, the import price, however, showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2008 when the import price increased by 7.1% year-to-year. The level of import peaked at $3,673 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2019, import prices remained at a lower figure.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was Austria ($4,650 per tonne), while Belgium ($2,162 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by France, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

electrical insulator
Archives, Global Trade Daily, News

The EU Electrical Insulator Market Slipped Back Slightly

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Electrical Insulators – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends And Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

For the third consecutive year, the EU electrical insulator market recorded decline in sales value, which decreased by -6.8% to $692M in 2019. In general, consumption recorded a perceptible contraction. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2011 with an increase of 3.1% y-o-y. Over the period under review, the market attained the peak level at $1.1B in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, consumption remained at a lower figure.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of electrical insulator consumption in 2019 were Germany (17M units), Italy (12M units) and Spain (12M units), with a combined 36% share of total consumption. Romania, France, Poland, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, the UK, Belgium, Sweden and Austria lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 50%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of electrical insulator consumption, amongst the main consuming countries, was attained by Romania, while electrical insulator consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($168M) led the market, alone. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Belgium ($64M). It was followed by France.

The countries with the highest levels of electrical insulator per capita consumption in 2019 were Romania (575 units per 1000 persons), the Czech Republic (564 units per 1000 persons) and the Netherlands (384 units per 1000 persons).

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of electrical insulator per capita consumption, amongst the leading consuming countries, was attained by Romania, while electrical insulator per capita consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Market Forecast 2019-2030

Driven by rising demand for electrical insulator in the European Union, the market is expected to start an upward consumption trend over the next decade. The performance of the market is forecast to increase slightly, with an anticipated CAGR of +0.1% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 115M units by the end of 2030.

Production in the EU

In 2019, after three years of decline, there was growth in production of electrical insulators, when its volume increased by 3% to 132M units. In general, production, however, recorded a slight decrease. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2015 with an increase of 9.2% y-o-y. The volume of production peaked at 166M units in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, production failed to regain the momentum.

In value terms, electrical insulator production amounted to $967M in 2019 estimated in export prices. Overall, production, however, continues to indicate a pronounced reduction. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2011 when the production volume increased by 4.4% against the previous year. The level of production peaked at $1.4B in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, production remained at a lower figure.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of electrical insulator production in 2019 were Italy (23M units), Spain (21M units) and Germany (20M units), together accounting for 49% of total production. Romania, Poland, Portugal, France, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the Netherlands, Belgium and Austria lagged somewhat behind, together accounting for a further 47%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of electrical insulator production, amongst the leading producing countries, was attained by Romania, while electrical insulator production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports in the EU

In 2019, after three years of decline, there was growth in shipments abroad of electrical insulators, when their volume increased by 2.1% to 100M units. Over the period under review, exports, however, showed a mild contraction. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2014 with an increase of 4.7% y-o-y. The volume of export peaked at 123M units in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2019, exports remained at a lower figure.

In value terms, electrical insulator exports declined to $890M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. In general, exports, however, continue to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern.

Exports by Country

In 2019, Italy (24M units), distantly followed by Spain (15M units), Germany (15M units), Poland (7.3M units), Portugal (6.6M units), Romania (6.3M units), Slovakia (5.3M units) and the Czech Republic (4.6M units) represented the major exporters of electrical insulators, together making up 84% of total exports.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Poland, while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($250M), Italy ($150M) and Portugal ($48M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of exports in 2019, together comprising 50% of total exports. These countries were followed by Spain, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Slovakia, which together accounted for a further 18%.

Poland saw the highest growth rate of the value of exports, among the main exporting countries over the period under review, while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Export Prices by Country

The electrical insulator export price in the European Union stood at $8.9 per unit in 2019, declining by -5.9% against the previous year. Overall, the export price, however, continues to indicate a relatively flat trend pattern. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2018 an increase of 14% year-to-year. As a result, export price reached the peak level of $9.5 per unit, and then fell in the following year.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was Germany ($17 per unit), while Slovakia ($2.8 per unit) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Germany, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

In 2019, approx. 82M units of electrical insulators were imported in the European Union; which is down by -6.4% against 2018 figures. Over the period under review, imports recorded a slight curtailment. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2010 when imports increased by 13% y-o-y. Over the period under review, imports hit record highs at 95M units in 2007; however, from 2008 to 2019, imports failed to regain the momentum.

In value terms, electrical insulator imports contracted to $600M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. In general, imports continue to indicate a mild decline. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2018 with an increase of 11% year-to-year.

Imports by Country

In 2019, Italy (13M units), Germany (11M units), France (8.4M units), Sweden (6.5M units), Spain (5.3M units), the UK (4.9M units), the Czech Republic (4.7M units), Poland (4.1M units), the Netherlands (2.9M units), Portugal (2.7M units), Romania (2.3M units) and Austria (2.2M units) represented the major importer of electrical insulators in the European Union, mixing up 83% of total import.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of purchases, amongst the key importing countries, was attained by Romania, while imports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Germany ($116M), Italy ($59M) and the UK ($56M) constituted the countries with the highest levels of imports in 2019, together accounting for 38% of total imports. These countries were followed by France, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Austria, Sweden, Portugal and Romania, which together accounted for a further 46%.

Austria recorded the highest rates of growth with regard to the value of imports, among the main importing countries over the period under review, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Import Prices by Country

The electrical insulator import price in the European Union stood at $7.3 per unit in 2019, approximately mirroring the previous year. In general, the import price showed a relatively flat trend pattern. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2008 an increase of 9.3% year-to-year. As a result, import price reached the peak level of $8 per unit. From 2009 to 2019, the growth in terms of the import prices failed to regain the momentum.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major importing countries. In 2019, the country with the highest price was Austria ($12 per unit), while Sweden ($3.9 per unit) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the Netherlands, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

honey
Archives, Global Trade Daily, Imports/Exports

The EU Honey Market Slipped Back Slightly to $1.4B

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Honey – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

In 2019, after two years of growth, there was significant decline in the EU honey market, when its value decreased by -6.1% to $1.4B. The market value increased at an average annual rate of +3.8% over the period from 2007 to 2019; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded in certain years. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2008 with an increase of 17% y-o-y. Over the period under review, the market attained the peak level at $1.5B in 2018, and then declined in the following year.

Consumption by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of honey consumption in 2019 were Germany (69K tonnes), France (52K tonnes) and the UK (45K tonnes), with a combined 38% share of total consumption. These countries were followed by Spain, Poland, Italy, Greece, Romania, the Netherlands, Portugal, the Czech Republic and Croatia, which together accounted for a further 47%.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Croatia, while honey consumption for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest honey markets in the European Union were Germany ($214M), France ($184M) and Greece ($133M), with a combined 37% share of the total market. These countries were followed by the UK, Italy, Spain, Romania, Poland, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Croatia and Portugal, which together accounted for a further 45%.

The countries with the highest levels of honey per capita consumption in 2019 were Croatia (2.59 kg per person), Greece (2.47 kg per person) and Romania (1.13 kg per person).

Market Forecast 2019-2030

Driven by increasing demand for honey in the European Union, the market is expected to continue an upward consumption trend over the next decade. Market performance is forecast to retain its current trend pattern, expanding with an anticipated CAGR of +1.8% for the period from 2019 to 2030, which is projected to bring the market volume to 533K tonnes by the end of 2030.

Production in the EU

For the third year in a row, the European Union recorded growth in production of honey, which increased by 3.1% to 257K tonnes in 2019. The total output volume increased at an average annual rate of +1.8% from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern remained relatively stable, with somewhat noticeable fluctuations in certain years. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2015 with an increase of 22% year-to-year. The volume of production peaked in 2019 and is expected to retain growth in the near future.

In value terms, honey production shrank to $1.1B in 2019 estimated in export prices. The total output value increased at an average annual rate of +3.9% from 2007 to 2019; the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period.

Production by Country

The countries with the highest volumes of honey production in 2019 were Spain (37K tonnes), Romania (31K tonnes) and Hungary (29K tonnes), with a combined 38% share of total production. These countries were followed by Poland, Greece, Germany, France, Bulgaria, Portugal, Croatia, Italy and the Czech Republic, which together accounted for a further 52%.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of honey production, amongst the main producing countries, was attained by Croatia, while honey production for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Exports in the EU

Honey exports expanded to 165K tonnes in 2019, surging by 2.5% on 2018. Total exports indicated a measured increase from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.1% over the last twelve years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2019 figures, exports decreased by -4.7% against 2017 indices. The pace of growth was the most pronounced in 2013 when exports increased by 20% against the previous year. The volume of export peaked at 173K tonnes in 2017; however, from 2018 to 2019, exports stood at a somewhat lower figure.

In value terms, honey exports shrank to $693M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Total exports indicated prominent growth from 2007 to 2019: its value increased at an average annual rate of +4.1% over the last twelve-year period.

Exports by Country

In 2019, Germany (26K tonnes), Spain (22K tonnes), Hungary (21K tonnes), Belgium (18K tonnes), Poland (17K tonnes), Bulgaria (12K tonnes) and Romania (11K tonnes) was the largest exporter of honey in the European Union, achieving 78% of total export. Portugal (6.5K tonnes), Italy (5K tonnes), France (4.9K tonnes), the UK (3.7K tonnes) and Denmark (3.3K tonnes) followed a long way behind the leaders.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of shipments, amongst the leading exporting countries, was attained by Poland, while exports for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest honey supplying countries in the European Union were Germany ($138M), Spain ($89M) and Hungary ($85M), together comprising 45% of total exports. These countries were followed by Belgium, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, France, the UK, Italy, Denmark and Portugal, which together accounted for a further 46%.

Export Prices by Country

In 2019, the honey export price in the European Union amounted to $4,192 per tonne, with a decrease of -7.8% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2019, it increased at an average annual rate of +2.0%. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2008 when the export price increased by 17% year-to-year. The level of export peaked at $4,844 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2019, export prices failed to regain the momentum.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of origin; the country with the highest price was the UK ($7,966 per tonne), while Portugal ($1,918 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by the UK, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Imports in the EU

In 2019, after two years of growth, there was decline in purchases abroad of honey, when their volume decreased by -1.2% to 345K tonnes. Total imports indicated notable growth from 2007 to 2019: its volume increased at an average annual rate of +3.8% over the last twelve-year period. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The pace of growth appeared the most rapid in 2013 with an increase of 13% year-to-year. The volume of import peaked at 349K tonnes in 2018, and then shrank in the following year.

In value terms, honey imports contracted to $994M (IndexBox estimates) in 2019. Total imports indicated a strong expansion from 2007 to 2019: its value increased at an average annual rate of +3.8% over the last twelve years.

Imports by Country

In 2019, Germany (75K tonnes), distantly followed by the UK (49K tonnes), France (39K tonnes), Poland (30K tonnes), Spain (27K tonnes), Belgium (25K tonnes), Italy (25K tonnes) and the Netherlands (17K tonnes) were the largest importers of honey, together achieving 83% of total imports.

From 2007 to 2019, the biggest increases were in Poland, while purchases for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, the largest honey importing markets in the European Union were Germany ($228M), France ($138M) and the UK ($111M), with a combined 48% share of total imports. These countries were followed by Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland and Spain, which together accounted for a further 33%.

Import Prices by Country

The honey import price in the European Union stood at $2,879 per tonne in 2019, which is down by -9.3% against the previous year. Over the period from 2007 to 2019, it increased at an average annual rate of +1.6%. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2008 an increase of 27% year-to-year. The level of import peaked at $3,633 per tonne in 2014; however, from 2015 to 2019, import prices failed to regain the momentum.

Prices varied noticeably by the country of destination; the country with the highest price was the Netherlands ($4,051 per tonne), while Poland ($2,084 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

From 2007 to 2019, the most notable rate of growth in terms of prices was attained by Germany, while the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform

section 301
Archives, Global Trade Daily, In The News

USTR Initiates Section 301 Digital Services Tax Investigations Covering India, the European Union and Several Other Countries

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The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (“USTR”) announced on June 2, 2020 that it is initiating Section 301 investigations on Digital Services Taxes (“DSTs”) adopted or under consideration by Austria, Brazil, Czech Republic, the European Union (“EU”), India, Indonesia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). The Section 301 DST investigations could lead the U.S. to impose new punitive tariffs and could significantly raise global trade tensions.

USTR is soliciting public comments from parties and these must be submitted no later than July 15, 2020. Written comments should be submitted through the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov under docket number USTR-2020-0022. According to the Federal Register notice, the USTR invites comments with respect to:

-Concerns with one or more of the DSTs adopted or under consideration by the jurisdictions covered in these investigations.

-Whether one or more of the covered DSTs is unreasonable or discriminatory.

-The extent to which one or more of the covered DSTs burdens or restricts U.S. commerce.

-Whether one or more of the covered DSTs is inconsistent with obligations under the WTO Agreement or any other international agreement.

-The determination required under section 304 of the Trade Act, including what action, if any, should be taken.

Over the last couple of years, various governments have enacted or considered taxes on revenues generated by companies from providing digital services within those jurisdictions. While the proponents of DSTs argue that the tax corrects corporate taxation to cover previously untaxed or undertaxed revenues, the position of the Trump administration, including the USTR, is that DSTs unfairly discriminate against “large, U.S.-based tech companies” such as Amazon and Google. USTR’s announcement provides a brief but detailed overview of the current status of each of the named jurisdictions’ enacted or proposed DSTs.

USTR’s initiation of Section 301 investigations follow a period of intermittent tensions between the U.S. and some of its trading partners over proposed DSTs. In December 2019, the U.S. and France nearly began a trade war over the DST adopted by France, which USTR described as “unreasonable, discriminatory, and burdensome on U.S. commerce.” However, these tariffs were never implemented on imports of products from France. In January of this year, the Trump administration had also threatened the U.K. with tariffs on imports of British cars if the U.K. pressed forward with its DST.

A possible result of these new investigations will be the institution of additional tariffs on imports of products from each of the named countries but that remains to be seen and will depend in large part on the support or opposition to the institution of trade remedies in the comments filed on the record of these investigations.

Husch Blackwell continues to monitor the Section 301 investigations on Digital Services Taxes and will provide further updates as more information becomes available. We encourage clients and companies to review the USTR’s announcement and Federal Register notice.

_________________________________________________________________

Nithya Nagarajan is a Washington-based partner with the law firm Husch Blackwell LLP. She practices in the International Trade & Supply Chain group of the firm’s Technology, Manufacturing & Transportation industry team.

Grant Leach is an Omaha-based partner with the law firm Husch Blackwell LLP focusing on international trade, export controls, trade sanctions and anti-corruption compliance.

Cortney O’Toole Morgan is a Washington D.C.-based partner with the law firm Husch Blackwell LLP. She leads the firm’s International Trade & Supply Chain group.

Camron Greer is an Assistant Trade Analyst in Husch Blackwell LLP’s Washington D.C. office.

fish
Archives, EU Trade, Global Trade Daily

EU Dried and Smoked Fish Market is Driven by Rising Demand in Germany

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IndexBox has just published a new report: ‘EU – Dried Or Smoked Fish – Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights’. Here is a summary of the report’s key findings.

In 2018, the value of the dried and smoked fish market in the European Union contracted slightly to $5.8B.

The countries with the highest volumes of dried or smoked fish consumption in 2018 were Portugal (87K tonnes), Germany (71K tonnes) and Spain (62K tonnes), with a combined 45% share of total consumption.

From 2008 to 2018, the most notable rate of growth in terms of dried or smoked fish consumption, amongst the key consuming countries, was attained by Germany, while demand from the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, France ($1.2B), the UK ($926M) and Germany ($905M) were the countries with the highest levels of the market value in 2018, with a combined 53% share.

In 2018, the highest levels of dried or smoked fish per capita consumption was registered in Portugal (8.44 kg per person), followed by Spain (1.32 kg per person), Poland (1.11 kg per person) and Italy (0.95 kg per person), while the  average per capita consumption was estimated at 1 kg per person.

Production in the EU 2008-2018

The dried or smoked fish production dropped slightly to 399K tonnes in 2018, falling by -2% compared with the previous year. Overall, dried or smoked fish production showed a decrease. The volume of dried or smoked fish production peaked at 441K tonnes in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2018, production remained at a lower figure.

Exports in the EU

In 2018, the amount of dried or smoked fish exported in the European Union amounted to 285K tonnes, standing approx. at the year before. The total export volume increased at an average annual rate of +4.7% from 2008 to 2018; however, the trend pattern indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2010 with an increase of 19% against the previous year. Over the period under review, dried or smoked fish exports hit record highs at 296K tonnes in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2018, exports failed to regain their momentum.

In value terms, dried or smoked fish exports declined modestly to $3.1B (IndexBox estimates) in 2018.

Exports by Country

The shipments of the five major exporters of dried or smoked fish, namely Poland, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany, represented more than two-thirds of total exports. Lithuania (19K tonnes) ranks next in terms of the total exports with a 6.7% share, followed by Spain (5.9%).

From 2008 to 2018, the biggest increases were in the Netherlands, while shipments for the other leaders experienced more modest paces of growth.

In value terms, Poland ($920M) remains the largest dried or smoked fish supplier in the European Union, comprising 29% of total dried or smoked fish exports. The second position in the ranking was occupied by Germany ($396M), with a 13% share of total exports. It was followed by Denmark, with a 11% share.

Export Prices by Country

The dried or smoked fish export price in the European Union stood at $11,046 per tonne in 2018, rising by 5.1% against the previous year.

There were significant differences in the average prices amongst the major exporting countries. In 2018, the country with the highest price was Lithuania ($16,189 per tonne), while Spain ($7,247 per tonne) was amongst the lowest.

Source: IndexBox AI Platform