Five key figures across the AI supply chain gathered at the Milken Global Conference in Beverly Hills earlier this week to discuss industry bottlenecks, as reported by TechCrunch. The panel included ASML CEO Christophe Fouquet, Google Cloud COO Francis deSouza, Applied Intuition co-founder and CEO Qasar Younis, Perplexity chief business officer Dimitry Shevelenko, and Logical Intelligence founder Eve Bodnia, a quantum physicist who left academia to challenge the dominant architecture in AI.

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Fouquet described a significant acceleration in chip manufacturing but stated a strong belief that for the next two to five years, the market will be supply limited. This means major hyperscalers—such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Meta—will not receive all the chips they have ordered. DeSouza highlighted the scale of demand, noting that Google Cloud revenue exceeded $20 billion last quarter with 63% growth, and its backlog nearly doubled from $250 billion to $460 billion in a single quarter. Younis pointed out that Applied Intuition faces a different bottleneck: real-world data. The company builds autonomy systems for cars, trucks, drones, mining equipment, and defense vehicles, and Younis stressed that synthetic simulation cannot fully replace data gathered from physical environments, asserting that fully training models for the physical world synthetically will take a long time.

Source: IndexBox Market Intelligence Platform